Congenital contractures

Congenital contractures are a group of disorders characterized by the presence of contractures at birth. These contractures, or permanent shortening of muscles or joints, can affect any part of the body, but are most commonly seen in the limbs. They can result in significant disability and can be associated with other medical conditions.

Causes

The exact cause of congenital contractures is not known, but they are thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases are associated with specific genetic mutations, while others may be related to maternal illness or drug use during pregnancy.

Types

There are several different types of congenital contractures, including:

• Arthrogryposis: This is the most common type of congenital contracture, and is characterized by multiple contractures in different areas of the body.
• Distal arthrogryposis: This type of contracture affects the hands and feet.
• Freeman-Sheldon syndrome: This is a rare disorder characterized by contractures of the face, hands, and feet.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of congenital contractures is typically made at birth, based on the presence of contractures and other physical findings. Genetic testing may be performed to identify any associated genetic mutations.

Treatment

Treatment for congenital contractures depends on the severity and location of the contractures, as well as any associated medical conditions. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, and surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with congenital contractures varies widely, depending on the severity and location of the contractures, as well as any associated medical conditions. Some individuals may have significant disability, while others may have minimal functional impairment.

See also

• Muscular dystrophy
• Cerebral palsy
• Spina bifida

References

Congenital contractures Resources
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