Citrus aurantium

Citrus aurantium, commonly known as bitter orange, is a tree native to Southeast Asia and spread across the Mediterranean region, Africa, and parts of the Americas.

Classification

The tree belongs to the Rutaceae family, and its fruit is known for its unique bitter taste and aroma. Citrus aurantium has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine and other Eastern traditional medicine systems as well as culinary purposes, and as a fragrance in perfumes and cosmetics.

Tree

The bitter orange tree can grow up to 10 meters tall and has a rounded, dense crown. Its leaves are shiny and oval-shaped, and its flowers are white and strongly fragrant. The fruit of the bitter orange tree is a small, greenish-yellow, and rounded fruit, similar in appearance to the sweet orange, but with a bitter taste. The fruit contains several small seeds and a fragrant oil that is widely used in the fragrance industry.

Medicinal use

Citrus aurantium is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including digestive problems, anxiety, insomnia, and high blood pressure. The fruit and flowers of the tree are rich in flavonoids and other phytochemicals, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

Active compounds

One of the primary active compounds in bitter orange is synephrine, a natural compound that is structurally similar to ephedrine. Synephrine is believed to stimulate the central nervous system, increase metabolic rate, and promote weight loss. As a result, bitter orange extract has become popular as a dietary supplement and ingredient in weight loss products.

Controversy

However, bitter orange extract has been the subject of controversy and debate in the scientific community due to its potential adverse effects. Some studies have linked bitter orange extract to cardiovascular problems, including high blood pressure, arrhythmias, and strokes. Other studies have found no significant adverse effects, but the evidence remains inconclusive.

Dietary supplement

Despite the controversy, bitter orange extract continues to be used in dietary supplements and weight loss products. It is important to note that the safety and efficacy of these products have not been thoroughly evaluated by regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). As a result, consumers should exercise caution when using these products and consult with their healthcare provider before starting any new dietary supplement or weight loss program. It is used commonly as grafting stock.

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