Acetazolamide sodium

What is acetazolamide?

The sodium salt of acetazolamide, a nonbacteriostatic sulfonamide derivative with diuretic and anticonvulsant properties.

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Acetazolamide

Mechanism of action

• Acetazolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase that plays an important role in the control of fluid secretion.
• Inhibition of this enzyme in the kidney results in a reduction in the availability of hydrogen ions for active transport in the renal tubule lumen, thereby leading to increased bicarbonate and cation excretion, and increased urinary volume.
• Reduced bicarbonate level in circulation induces reduction of intraocular pressure via osmotic mechanism.
• The anticonvulsant activity of acetazolamide may contribute to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the CNS, which decreases carbon dioxide tension in the pulmonary alveoli, thus increasing arterial oxygen tension.

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Acetazolamide ball-and-stick animation

Side effects

Acetazolamide may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:

• upset stomach
• vomiting
• loss of appetite
• numbness and tingling
• increased thirst and urination
• drowsiness
• headache
• confusion
• fever
• rash
• blood in urine
• painful urination
• yellowing of the skin or eyes
• seizures
• sore throat
• unusual bleeding or bruising

Brand names

• Diamox®
• Sequels®

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