Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity
Complications	N/A
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic, Environmental factors
Risks	Family history, Premature birth
Diagnosis	Clinical assessment, Behavioral evaluation
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Medication, Behavioral therapy, Counseling
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	5-7% of children, 2-5% of adults
Deaths	N/A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children, and it can continue into adulthood.

Symptoms

ADHD symptoms are divided into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Inattention

• Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
• Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
• Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish tasks

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity

• Fidgets with or taps hands or feet
• Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
• Talks excessively

Causes

The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Genetic Factors

ADHD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component.

Environmental Factors

Certain environmental factors such as exposure to lead and prenatal exposure to alcohol or tobacco may increase the risk of developing ADHD.

Diagnosis

ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive clinical assessment that includes a behavioral evaluation and gathering information from multiple sources, such as parents, teachers, and the individual.

Treatment

Treatment for ADHD often involves a combination of medication and behavioral therapy.

Medication

Stimulant medications such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are commonly prescribed.

Behavioral Therapy

Behavioral therapy focuses on teaching children and adults with ADHD skills to manage their symptoms and improve functioning.

See Also

• Attention Deficit Disorder
• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Psychiatry

References

• American Psychiatric Association
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

External Links

• CDC ADHD Information
• NIMH ADHD Information