Cancer of the cervix

Cancer of the cervix, also known as Cervical cancer, is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cervical cancer.

Causes

The direct cause of cervical cancer is a mutation in the DNA of cells in the cervix. This mutation causes the cells to grow and multiply at an uncontrollable rate. The accumulation of these cells forms a tumor. The exact cause of these mutations is unknown, but research has identified several risk factors, including HPV infection, smoking, a weakened immune system, and exposure to the drug diethylstilbestrol.

Symptoms

In the early stages, cervical cancer typically does not cause symptoms. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and pain during sexual intercourse.

Diagnosis

Cervical cancer is often diagnosed through a Pap test, which involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them under a microscope. Other diagnostic tests include a HPV DNA test, colposcopy, and biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment options for cervical cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the patient's personal preferences.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for cervical cancer include HPV vaccination, regular Pap tests, and practicing safe sex.

See also

• Cancer
• Cervix
• Human papillomavirus infection
• Pap test
• HPV vaccine