Endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates from the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It is the most common form of uterine cancer and the fourth most common cancer in women in the United States.

Etiology

The exact cause of endometrial carcinoma is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. This imbalance can cause the endometrium to grow too thick, leading to cancer. Other risk factors include obesity, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and a family history of endometrial or colorectal cancer.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of endometrial carcinoma is abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause. Other symptoms can include pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and an enlarged uterus.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma typically involves a pelvic examination, ultrasound, and a biopsy of the endometrium. If cancer is found, further tests may be done to determine the stage of the cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment

Treatment for endometrial carcinoma depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. Options can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for endometrial carcinoma is generally good, especially if the cancer is caught early. The five-year survival rate for localized endometrial carcinoma is about 95%.

See also

• Cancer
• Uterine cancer
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
• Menopause