CCL9

CCL9 is a small cytokine known as a chemokine that is also known as MIP-1 gamma. It is secreted by follicular B helper T cells (TFH cells) and has functions in immune response and inflammation.

Structure

CCL9 is a member of the CC chemokine family, and is structurally characterized by four conserved cysteine residues, which form two disulfide bonds. The protein is 99 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of approximately 11 kDa.

Function

CCL9 is secreted by TFH cells in the lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, and acts by binding to its receptor, CCR1, on the surface of target cells. This binding triggers a series of intracellular events, including the activation of protein kinase pathways, which lead to the cellular responses of chemotaxis, degranulation, and proliferation.

Clinical significance

CCL9 has been implicated in various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and cancer. In rheumatoid arthritis, it is thought to contribute to the recruitment and activation of neutrophils in the inflamed joints. In asthma, it may play a role in the recruitment of eosinophils to the airways. In cancer, it may promote tumor growth and metastasis by attracting tumor-associated macrophages.

See also

• Chemokine
• Cytokine
• Follicular B helper T cells
• CCR1
• Protein kinase
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Asthma
• Cancer