Interleukin

Interleukins are a group of cytokines that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). The term interleukin was initially used by researchers for those cytokines whose presumed targets are principally leukocytes. It is now used largely for designation of newer cytokine molecules and bears little relation to their presumed function.

Function

Interleukins play essential roles in the immune system, including the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and motility. They are particularly important in stimulating immune responses, such as inflammation.

Types of Interleukins

There are many different types of interleukins, each with specific functions:

• Interleukin-1 (IL-1): Involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.
• Interleukin-2 (IL-2): Stimulates the growth of T cells.
• Interleukin-6 (IL-6): Plays a role in the acute phase response and fever.
• Interleukin-10 (IL-10): Has anti-inflammatory properties.
• Interleukin-12 (IL-12): Important for the differentiation of T helper cells.

Clinical Significance

Interleukins are involved in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. For example, IL-6 is a target for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, and IL-2 is used in immunotherapy for certain types of cancer.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the complex roles of interleukins in the immune system and their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.

See Also

• Cytokine
• Immune system
• Inflammation

External Links

• National Center for Biotechnology Information
• World Health Organization