Interleukin-15
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine with structural similarity to interleukin-2 (IL-2). It is produced by a variety of cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-15 plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in the development and activation of natural killer cells and memory T cells.
Function[edit | edit source]
IL-15 is involved in the proliferation and survival of T cells and natural killer cells. It acts by binding to a specific receptor complex that includes the IL-15 receptor alpha chain (IL-15Rα), the IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta chain (IL-2/IL-15Rβ), and the common gamma chain (γc), which is shared with other cytokines such as IL-2, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-9 (IL-9), and interleukin-21 (IL-21).
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
IL-15 is unique in its mechanism of action, as it is primarily presented in a trans-presentation manner. This means that IL-15 is produced by one cell and presented to another cell via the IL-15Rα chain. This trans-presentation is essential for the development and homeostasis of natural killer cells and memory CD8+ T cells.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
IL-15 has been implicated in various diseases and conditions, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. Due to its role in enhancing the immune response, IL-15 is being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer immunotherapy and for boosting immune responses in vaccines.
Research and Therapeutic Use[edit | edit source]
Research is ongoing to harness IL-15's properties for therapeutic purposes. IL-15 has shown promise in preclinical studies for its ability to enhance the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, making it a candidate for cancer treatment. Additionally, IL-15 is being studied for its potential to treat viral infections and immunodeficiency disorders.
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References[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
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