Tinea unguium

Tinea unguium, also known as onychomycosis, is a fungal infection that affects the nails. It is caused by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes, which are capable of invading the skin, hair, and nails.

Causes

The primary cause of tinea unguium is a group of fungi known as dermatophytes. These fungi are capable of breaking down keratin, a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails, allowing them to invade these tissues. Other types of fungi, such as yeasts and molds, can also cause tinea unguium, but they are less common.

Symptoms

The symptoms of tinea unguium can vary depending on the type of fungus causing the infection and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:

• Thickening of the nails
• Discoloration of the nails, often turning them white, yellow, or brown
• Distorted nail shape
• Brittle or crumbly nails
• Pain in the nails or surrounding skin

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of tinea unguium is typically made through a combination of physical examination and laboratory testing. The affected nail may be examined under a microscope to look for signs of fungal infection. In some cases, a sample of the nail may be sent to a laboratory for culture to identify the specific type of fungus causing the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for tinea unguium can be challenging, as the infection is often resistant to treatment and can recur. Treatment options include:

• Topical antifungal medications: These are applied directly to the nail and surrounding skin.
• Oral antifungal medications: These are taken by mouth and work by reaching the nail through the bloodstream.
• Surgical removal of the nail: This is usually reserved for severe cases or when other treatments have failed.

Prevention

Prevention of tinea unguium involves maintaining good hygiene and taking steps to avoid contact with fungi. This can include:

• Keeping the feet clean and dry
• Wearing shoes in public places where fungi may be present, such as locker rooms and public showers
• Not sharing shoes or socks with others
• Regularly disinfecting shoes and socks

See also

• Dermatophytosis
• Tinea pedis
• Tinea corporis
• Tinea capitis

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