Black tongue

Black Tongue is a medical condition characterized by a dark or black discoloration of the tongue. It is also known as lingua villosa nigra or hairy tongue. The condition is usually harmless and temporary, but it can be alarming due to its unusual appearance.

Causes

The primary cause of black tongue is the overgrowth and lengthening of the papillae on the surface of the tongue. This can trap bacteria or yeast, leading to discoloration. Factors that can contribute to this condition include poor oral hygiene, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, dehydration, and certain medications such as antibiotics or bismuth-containing drugs like Pepto-Bismol.

Symptoms

The most obvious symptom of black tongue is a dark discoloration of the tongue, which can range from brown to black. Other symptoms may include a metallic or foul taste in the mouth, bad breath (halitosis), and a hairy or furry appearance of the tongue.

Diagnosis

Black tongue is usually diagnosed based on the appearance of the tongue. A healthcare provider may also take a medical history and perform a physical examination to rule out other conditions. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for black tongue usually involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include improving oral hygiene, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, or changing medications. In some cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe topical medications to help remove the discoloration.

Prognosis

The prognosis for black tongue is generally good. With proper treatment, the condition usually resolves within a few weeks. However, it can recur if the underlying cause is not addressed.

See also

• Oral hygiene
• Tongue disease
• Halitosis