Aparigraha

Aparigraha is a Sanskrit term that refers to the concept of non-possessiveness, non-grasping or non-greediness. It is derived from the word parigraha, which means 'to amass', 'to crave', 'to seek', or 'to seize', and the prefix a- which signifies non-. Thus, aparigraha translates to 'non-possessiveness' or 'non-acquisition'. This principle is a fundamental tenet in Jainism, Hinduism, and also features in Buddhism as part of ethical conduct.

In Jainism

In Jainism, aparigraha is one of the five major vows (Mahavratas) that Jains undertake. These vows are central to Jain ethics and are observed more strictly by the monks and nuns, while the laypersons (Shravakas and Shravikas) are expected to observe their less rigorous forms, the Anuvratas. Aparigraha in Jainism extends beyond the mere concept of non-acquisition of physical possessions; it also encompasses the non-acquisition of unnecessary knowledge, emotions, and attachments that can bind the soul (Jiva) to the cycle of birth and rebirth (Samsara). By practicing aparigraha, Jains believe they can avoid creating new karma, which is a key step towards achieving liberation.

In Hinduism

In Hinduism, aparigraha is one of the Yamas, which are the ethical rules or moral imperatives of Yoga. It is mentioned in several ancient Hindu scriptures, including the Bhagavad Gita and Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. Aparigraha in Hinduism is generally practiced as a means to achieve spiritual purity and mental clarity by reducing the distractions caused by material possessions. The practice encourages individuals to let go of unnecessary possessions and desires, thus fostering a sense of peace and contentment.

In Buddhism

Although not explicitly named as aparigraha, the concept of non-attachment is prevalent in Buddhism. It is often discussed in the context of the Three Poisons – attachment, aversion, and ignorance – which are seen as the root of all suffering (Dukkha). By practicing non-attachment, Buddhists aim to overcome desire, which is considered one of the primary obstacles on the path to enlightenment (Nirvana).

Modern Interpretation and Practice

In contemporary times, aparigraha is often interpreted as an ecological and sustainable living principle. Advocates of minimalism and sustainable lifestyles draw upon aparigraha to argue against consumerism and the accumulation of unnecessary goods. This interpretation aligns with global concerns about overconsumption and its impact on the environment, promoting a lifestyle that is both spiritually fulfilling and environmentally responsible.

See Also

• Yamas and Niyamas
• Ethics in religion
• Simple living