Encyclopedia of foods

abdomen - the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis; the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm

abdominal - of or relating to or near the abdomen; the muscles of the abdomen

aberrant - markedly different from an accepted norm; one whose behavior departs substantially from the norm of a group

Ability - the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment; possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done

abnormal - much greater than the normal; not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm; departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development

abnormality - behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality; marked strangeness as a consequence of being abnormal; retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of intelligence; an abnormal condition

abnormally - adv. in an abnormal manner

about - on the move; adv. in the area or vicinity; all around or on all sides; in or to a reversed position or direction; to or among many different places or in no particular direction; (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; in rotation or succession; (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

above - appearing earlier in the same text; adv. at an earlier place; in or to a place that is higher; an earlier section of a written text

abruptly - adv. quickly and without warning

abscess - symptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

absorb - verb cause to become one with; engage or engross wholly; take up mentally; assimilate or take in; take in, also metaphorically; become imbued; take up, as of debts or payments; suck or take up or in; engross (oneself) fully

absorbed - taken in through the pores of a surface; retained without reflection; giving or marked by complete attention to

absorption - (chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid; (physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; the mental state of being preoccupied by something; complete attention; intense mental effort; the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

accompanied - having accompaniment or companions or escort

according - (followed by `to') as reported or stated by; (followed by `to') in agreement with or accordant with

accumulate - verb collect or gather; get or gather together

acidic - being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7); being sour to the taste

action - something done (usually as opposed to something said); the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field; an act by a government body or supranational organization; the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism; the trait of being active and energetic and forceful; the series of events that form a plot; the state of being active; a military engagement; a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong; a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); verb institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; put in effect

activity - any specific behavior; (chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction; the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically; an organic process that takes place in the body; a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); the state of being active

Acute - having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course; of critical importance and consequence; extremely sharp or intense; having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions; of an angle; less than 90 degrees; ending in a sharp point; a mark (') placed above a vowel to indicate pronunciation

addiction - (Roman law) a formal award by a magistrate of a thing or person to another person (as the award of a debtor to his creditor); a surrender to a master; an abnormally strong craving; being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)

additional - further or added

adequate - (sometimes followed by `to') meeting the requirements especially of a task; about average; acceptable; enough to meet a purpose

adrenal - of or pertaining to the adrenal glands or their secretions; near the kidneys; either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney

Aerobic - depending on free oxygen or air; based on or using the principles of aerobics; enhancing respiratory and circulatory efficiency

Affecting - arousing affect

after - located farther aft; adv. behind or in the rear; happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

age-related - changing (increasing or decreasing) as an individual's age increases

agent - an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission; a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations; any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau; a substance that exerts some force or effect; the semantic role of the animate entity that instigates or causes the happening denoted by the verb in the clause

aggravating - making worse

aggressiveness - a natural disposition to be hostile; the quality of being bold and enterprising; a feeling of hostility that arouses thoughts of attack

aging - growing old; the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age; acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time

ailment - an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

alcohol - a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent; any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation

alignment - the act of adjusting or aligning the parts of a device in relation to each other; the spatial property possessed by an arrangement or position of things in a straight line or in parallel lines; (astronomy) apparent meeting or passing of two or more celestial bodies in the same degree of the zodiac; an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty

alteration - the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment); the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification); an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

Ambulatory - relating to or adapted for walking; able to walk about; a covered walkway (as in a cloister)

amino - pertaining to or containing any of a group of organic compounds of nitrogen derived from ammonia; the radical -NH2

Amino acid - organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group

amount - how much of something is available; how much there is of something that you can quantify; a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers; a quantity of money; verb be tantamount or equivalent to; develop into; add up in number or quantity

Anaerobic - living or active in the absence of free oxygen; not aerobic

Anemia - genus of terrestrial or lithophytic ferns having pinnatifid fronds; chiefly of tropical America; a deficiency of red blood cells; a lack of vitality

Aneurysm - a cardiovascular disease characterized by a saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall

animal - of the nature of or characteristic of or derived from an animal or animals; marked by the appetites and passions of the body; a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

Anorexia - a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite

Anorexia nervosa - (psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated

another - any of various alternatives; some other

Antibody - any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response

Antigen - any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)

Apnea - transient cessation of respiration

appetite - a feeling of craving something

applied - concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles; opposed to theoretical; put into practice or put to use; that are used

approximately - adv. (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

around - adv. in circumference; by a circular or circuitous route; in a circle or circular motion; to a particular destination either specified or understood; (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; in the area or vicinity; from beginning to end; throughout; all around or on all sides; in or to a reversed position or direction; to or among many different places or in no particular direction

Arteriosclerosis - sclerosis of the arterial walls

artery - a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic; a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

arthritis - inflammation of a joint or joints

artificial - artificially formal; contrived by art rather than nature; not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes

Asymptomatic - having no symptoms of illness or disease

Atherosclerosis - a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls

Atrophy - any weakening or degeneration (especially through lack of use); a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse; verb undergo atrophy

attack - a decisive manner of beginning a musical tone or phrase; an offensive move in a sport or game; the act of attacking; (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons); strong criticism; the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent); a sudden occurrence of an uncontrollable condition; ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation; intense adverse criticism; verb begin to injure; set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task; attack in speech or writing; take the initiative and go on the offensive; launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with; attack someone physically or emotionally

Autoimmune - of or relating to the immune response of the body against substance normally present in the body

average - lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered; around the middle of a scale of evaluation of physical measures; approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value; lacking exceptional quality or ability; relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values); relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution; a statistic describing the location of a distribution; verb compute the average of; achieve or reach on average; amount to or come to an average, without loss or gain

bacteria - (microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants

bacterial - relating to or caused by bacteria

baking - as hot as if in an oven; cooking by dry heat in an oven; making bread or cake or pastry etc.

balance - a scale for weighing; depends on pull of gravity; equality between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account; the difference between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account; equality of distribution; a state of equilibrium; a wheel that regulates the rate of movement in a machine; especially a wheel oscillating against the hairspring of a timepiece to regulate its beat; a weight that balances another weight; (mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane; harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); the seventh sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about September 23 to October 22; (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Libra; something left after other parts have been taken away; verb compute credits and debits of an account; bring into balance or equilibrium; be in equilibrium; hold or carry in equilibrium

barley - a grain of barley; cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain

bean-shaped - having a shape resembling a bean

become - verb enter or assume a certain state or condition; come into existence; undergo a change or development; enhance the appearance of

behavior - manner of acting or controlling yourself; (psychology) the aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements made by an organism in any situation; the action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances; (behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people

behind - having the lower score or lagging position in a contest; adv. in or to or toward the rear; remaining in a place or condition that has been left or departed from; in debt; in or into an inferior position; of timepieces; the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on

being - the state or fact of existing; a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently

below - adv. at a later place; in or to a place that is lower; (in writing) see below; on a floor below; further down

beneficial - promoting or enhancing well-being; tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health

benefit - something that aids or promotes well-being; a performance to raise money for a charitable cause; financial assistance in time of need; verb be beneficial for; derive a benefit from

Benign - pleasant and beneficial in nature or influence; kindness of disposition or manner; not dangerous to health; not recurrent or progressive (especially of a tumor)

between - adv. in between; in the interval

biological - of parents and children; related by blood; pertaining to biology or to life and living things

bladder - a bag that fills with air; a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas)

bleed - verb draw blood; drain of liquid or steam; get or extort (money or other possessions) from someone; lose blood from one's body; be diffused

bleeding - flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels

blockage - the act of blocking; an obstruction in a pipe or tube; the state or condition of being obstructed

blocked - completely obstructed or closed off; closed to traffic

blood - temperament or disposition; the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped by the heart; people viewed as members of a group; the descendants of one individual; a dissolute man in fashionable society; verb smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill

bloodstream - the blood flowing through the circulatory system

bones - a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

Bowel - the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

brain - that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord; mental ability; the brain of certain animals used as meat; that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason; someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality; verb kill by smashing someone's skull; hit on the head

branch - an administrative division of some larger or more complex organization; a stream or river connected to a larger one; a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant; a part of a forked or branching shape; any projection that is thought to resemble a human arm; a natural consequence of development; verb divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork; grow and send out branches or branch-like structures

Brand name - a name given to a product or service

break - an escape from jail; a sudden dash; an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity; (tennis) a score consisting of winning a game when your opponent was serving; the opening shot that scatters the balls in billiards or pool; an abrupt change in the tone or register of the voice (as at puberty or due to emotion); an unexpected piece of good luck; the occurrence of breaking; any frame in which a bowler fails to make a strike or spare; the act of breaking something; a pause from doing something (as work); a personal or social separation (as between opposing factions); some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity; (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; breaking of hard tissue such as bone; a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something; verb weaken or destroy in spirit or body; diminish or discontinue abruptly; fall sharply; be broken in; crack; of the male voice in puberty; render inoperable or ineffective; become separated into pieces or fragments; destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments; happen; prevent completion; change suddenly from one tone quality or register to another; come into being; find the solution or key to; find a flaw in; undergo breaking; interrupt the flow of current in; be released or become known; of news; pierce or penetrate; become punctured or penetrated; break a piece from a whole; go to pieces; ruin completely; separate from a clinch, in boxing; make the opening shot that scatters the balls; destroy the completeness of a set of related items; exchange for smaller units of money; force out or release suddenly and often violently something pent up; curl over and fall apart in surf or foam, of waves; emerge from the surface of a body of water; scatter or part; make a rupture in the ranks of the enemy or one's own by quitting or fleeing; move away or escape suddenly; change directions suddenly; invalidate by judicial action; interrupt a continued activity; cause the failure or ruin of; happen or take place; come forth or begin from a state of latency; give up; cause to give up a habit; vary or interrupt a uniformity or continuity; come to an end; fracture a bone of; make submissive, obedient, or useful; become fractured; break or crack on the surface only; terminate; lessen in force or effect; stop operating or functioning; cease an action temporarily; make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; surpass in excellence; do a break dance; break down, literally or metaphorically; reduce to bankruptcy; assign to a lower position; reduce in rank; discontinue an association or relation; go different ways; act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; enter someone's property in an unauthorized manner, usually with the intent to steal or commit a violent act; fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns

Breakdown - an analysis into mutually exclusive categories; a cessation of normal operation; a mental or physical breakdown; the act of disrupting an established order so it fails to continue

breaking - (of waves) curling over and crashing into surf or spray; the act of breaking something

breast - the front part of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen; either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman; meat carved from the breast of a fowl; verb reach the summit; meet at breast level; confront bodily

breathing - passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally; sometimes used in combination; the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

bring - verb bring into a different state; induce or persuade; go or come after and bring or take back; be accompanied by; cause to come into a particular state or condition; cause to happen or to occur as a consequence; attract the attention of; take something or somebody with oneself somewhere; advance or set forth in court; be sold for a certain price; bestow a quality on

broken - physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split; (especially of promises or contracts) having been violated or disregarded; not continuous in space, time, or sequence or varying abruptly; lacking a part or parts; discontinuous; out of working order (`busted' is an informal substitute for `broken'); destroyed financially; weakened and infirm; thrown into a state of disarray or confusion; imperfectly spoken or written; subdued or brought low in condition or status; topographically very uneven; tamed or trained to obey

bulge - something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from its surroundings; verb cause to bulge or swell outwards; swell or protrude outwards; bulge out; form a bulge outward, or be so full as to appear to bulge; bulge outward

bulging - curving or bulging outward; curving outward

bundle - a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing; a collection of things wrapped or boxed together; a large sum of money (especially as pay or profit); verb sleep fully clothed in the same bed with one's betrothed; make into a bundle; compress into a wad; gather or cause to gather into a cluster

Cachexia - any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease

Caffeine - a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects

calcium - a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals

called - known or spoken of as; given or having a specified name

Calorie - unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure; a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree at one atmosphere pressure; used by nutritionists to characterize the energy-producing potential in food

cancer - type genus of the family Cancridae; the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22; a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini; (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer; any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream

cancerous - like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads; relating to or affected with cancer

Carbohydrate - an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain

carbon - a copy made with carbon paper; an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds; a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper

Carcinogen - any substance that produces cancer

carcinoma - any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer

Cardiac - of or relating to the heart

Cardiopulmonary - of or pertaining to or affecting both the heart and the lungs and their functions

Cardiovascular - of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels

Carotid - of or relating to either of the two major arteries supplying blood to the head and neck

carry - the act of carrying something; verb continue or extend; include, as on a list; sing or play against other voices or parts; serve as a means for expressing something; pass on a communication; be successful in; win in an election; secure the passage or adoption (of bills and motions); cover a certain distance or advance beyond; have a certain range; be able to feed; drink alcohol without showing ill effects; bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of; propel or give impetus to; bear (a crop); include as the content; broadcast or publicize; pursue a line of scent or be a bearer; transfer (a number, cipher, or remainder) to the next column or unit's place before or after, in addition or multiplication; capture after a fight; have on the surface or on the skin; take further or advance; compensate for a weaker partner or member by one's own performance; extend to a certain degree; win approval or support for; be equipped with (a mast or sail); be necessarily associated with or result in or involve; have or possess something abstract; keep up with financial support; have with oneself; have on one's person; be conveyed over a certain distance; have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence; be pregnant with; propel, "Carry the ball"; move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body; support or hold in a certain manner; transmit or serve as the medium for transmission; transfer (entries) from one account book to another; have on hand; behave in a certain manner; contain or hold; have within

cause - a justification for something existing or happening; events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results; a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; verb give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner

cavity - (anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body; soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth; space that is surrounded by something; a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

Center - equally distant from the extremes; of or belonging to neither the right nor the left politically or intellectually; a position on a basketball team of the player who participates in the jump that starts the game; the position of the player on the line of scrimmage who puts the ball in play; the position on a hockey team of the player who participates in the face off at the beginning of the game; a building dedicated to a particular activity; a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process; the object upon which interest and attention focuses; the sweet central portion of a piece of candy that is enclosed in chocolate or some other covering; politically moderate persons; centrists; the middle of a military or naval formation; a place where some particular activity is concentrated; a point equidistant from the ends of a line or the extremities of a figure; an area that is approximately central within some larger region; (football) the person who plays center on the line of scrimmage and snaps the ball to the quarterback; (basketball) the person who plays center on a basketball team; (ice hockey) the person who plays center on a hockey team; the piece of ground in the outfield directly ahead of the catcher; mercantile establishment consisting of a carefully landscaped complex of shops representing leading merchandisers; usually includes restaurants and a convenient parking area; a modern version of the traditional marketplace; the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience; verb move into the center; direct one's attention on something; center upon

Cerebrovascular - of or relating to the brain and the blood vessels that supply it

certain - exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance; established beyond doubt or question; definitely known; having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured; certain to occur; destined or inevitable; definite but not specified or identified; reliable in operation or effect; established irrevocably

cessation - a stopping

chance - occurring or appearing or singled out by chance; a risk involving danger; a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible; an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another; the possibility of future success; a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances; verb be the case by chance; come upon, as if by accident; meet with; take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

change - the action of changing something; a different or fresh set of clothes; a thing that is different; an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; the result of alteration or modification; money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency; the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due; coins of small denomination regarded collectively; a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event; a difference that is usually pleasant; verb undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category; remove or replace the coverings of; change clothes; put on different clothes; lay aside, abandon, or leave for another; become deeper in tone; change from one vehicle or transportation line to another; give to, and receive from, one another

changed - made or become different in some respect; made or become different in nature or form; changed in constitution or structure or composition by metamorphism

characteristic - typical or distinctive; a distinguishing quality; any measurable property of a device measured under closely specified conditions; the integer part (positive or negative) of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the characteristic is 2; a prominent aspect of something

characterize - verb be characteristic of; describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

characterized - of the meaning of words or concepts; stated precisely

chemical - relating to or used in chemistry; of or made from or using substances produced by or used in reactions involving atomic or molecular changes; produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules

chemically - adv. with respect to chemistry; by the use of chemicals

chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions; the way two individuals relate to each other

Chemotherapy - the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)

chest - box with a lid; used for storage; usually large and sturdy; furniture with drawers for keeping clothes; the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates

chloride - any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion); any compound containing a chlorine atom

chocolate - a medium brown to dark-brown color; a food made from roasted ground cacao beans; a beverage made from cocoa powder and milk and sugar; usually drunk hot

Cholesterol - an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues

Chromosome - a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order

Chronic - being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering

churning - (of a liquid) agitated vigorously; in a state of turbulence; moving with or producing or produced by vigorous agitation

circulation - the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area; the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines); free movement or passage through a series of vessels (as of water through pipes or sap through a plant); movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels; number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold; (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period

class - elegance in dress or behavior; people having the same social or economic status; a collection of things sharing a common attribute; (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders; a body of students who are taught together; a body of students who graduate together; a league ranked by quality; education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; verb arrange or order by classes or categories

classified - arranged into classes; official classification of information or documents; withheld from general circulation; a short ad in a newspaper or magazine (usually in small print) and appearing along with other ads of the same type

Clinical - scientifically detached; unemotional; relating to a clinic or conducted in or as if in a clinic and depending on direct observation of patients

close - marked by fidelity to an original; rigorously attentive; strict and thorough; at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; close in relevance or relationship; inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information; crowded; (of a contest or contestants) evenly matched; used of hair or haircuts; fitting closely but comfortably; confined to specific persons; strictly confined or guarded; of textiles; not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; giving or spending with reluctance; lacking fresh air; adv. in an attentive manner; near in time or place or relationship; the concluding part of any performance; the last section of a communication; the temporal end; the concluding time; verb finish a game in baseball by protecting a lead; complete a business deal, negotiation, or an agreement; move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut; become closed; fill or stop up; bar access to; bring together all the elements or parts of; draw near; come together, as if in an embrace; change one's body stance so that the forward shoulder and foot are closer to the intended point of impact; cause a window or an application to disappear on a computer desktop; engage at close quarters; finish or terminate (meetings, speeches, etc.); be priced or listed when trading stops; unite or bring into contact or bring together the edges of; cease to operate or cause to cease operating; come to a close

closed - not open or affording passage or access; used especially of mouth or eyes; blocked against entry; (set theory) of an interval that contains both its endpoints; not having an open mind; not open to the general public; with shutters closed; requiring union membership; not open

Closure - termination of operations; a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric; a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body; approaching a particular destination; a coming closer; a narrowing of a gap; the act of blocking; an obstruction in a pipe or tube; something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making; verb terminate debate by calling for a vote

Coagulate - transformed from a liquid into a soft semisolid or solid mass; verb change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state; cause to change from a liquid to a solid or thickened state

cobalt - a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition

cocoa - powder of ground roasted cacao beans with most of the fat removed; a beverage made from cocoa powder and milk and sugar; usually drunk hot

coffee - a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans; any of several small trees and shrubs native to the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans; a medium brown to dark-brown color; a seed of the coffee tree; ground to make coffee

cohort - a band of warriors (originally a unit of a Roman Legion); a company of companions or supporters; a group people having approximately the same age

colitis - inflammation of the colon

collection - the act of gathering something together; a publication containing a variety of works; several things grouped together or considered as a whole; request for a sum of money

colon - the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted; a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter); a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal; the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos; the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos

Colorectal - relating to or affecting the colon and the rectum

coloring - the act or process of changing the color of something; a digestible substance used to give color to food; a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

combination - the act of combining things to form a new whole; the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order; a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities; an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose (formerly to achieve some antisocial end but now for general political or economic purposes); a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose; a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock; a coordinated sequence of chess moves

combine - harvester that heads and threshes and cleans grain while moving across the field; an occurrence that results in things being united; a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service; verb add together from different sources; join for a common purpose or in a common action; put or add together; mix together different elements; gather in a mass, sum, or whole; combine so as to form a whole; mix; have or possess in combination

common - having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public; commonly encountered; being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language; of or associated with the great masses of people; to be expected; standard; common to or shared by two or more parties; lacking refinement or cultivation or taste; of low or inferior quality or value; a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area

commonly - adv. under normal conditions

Complex - complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts; a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts; (psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a person's behavior; a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated; a whole structure (as a building) made up of interconnected or related structures

complication - the act or process of complicating; a development that complicates a situation; a situation or condition that is complex or confused; any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; puzzling complexity

component - an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system; an abstract part of something; something determined in relation to something that includes it

composed - serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress; made up of individual elements

compression - applying pressure; encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required; the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together; an increase in the density of something

concentrate - a concentrated example; a concentrated form of a foodstuff; the bulk is reduced by removing water; the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore; verb make (the solvent of a solution) dense or denser; direct one's attention on something; draw together or meet in one common center; cook until very little liquid is left; be cooked until very little liquid is left; make more concise; compress or concentrate; make central

concentrated - gathered together or made less diffuse; of or relating to a solution whose dilution has been reduced; intensely focused; being the most concentrated solution possible at a given temperature; unable to dissolve still more of a substance; (of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source

Condition - the procedure that is varied in order to estimate a variable's effect by comparison with a control condition; an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else; (usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement; a mode of being or form of existence of a person or thing; a state at a particular time; the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases `in condition' or `in shape' or `out of condition' or `out of shape'); information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; verb apply conditioner to in order to make smooth and shiny; put into a better state; establish a conditioned response; specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement; train by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control

congenital - present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development

connecting - syntactically connecting sentences or elements of a sentence

constant - steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection; continually recurring or continuing without interruption; uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing; persistent in occurrence and unvarying in nature; a quantity that does not vary; a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context

constellation - a configuration of stars as seen from the earth; an arrangement of parts or elements

Constipation - irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; can be a symptom of intestinal obstruction or diverticulitis; the act of making something futile and useless (as by routine)

consumption - the act of consuming something; the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating); (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body

contact - close interaction; the act of touching physically; (electronics) a junction where things (as two electrical conductors) touch or are in physical contact; a thin curved glass or plastic lens designed to fit over the cornea in order to correct vision or to deliver medication; a communicative interaction; the physical coming together of two or more things; a person who is in a position to give you special assistance; the state or condition of touching or of being in immediate proximity; a channel for communication between groups; verb be in or establish communication with; be in direct physical contact with; make contact

contents - a list of divisions (chapters or articles) and the pages on which they start

contract - a variety of bridge in which the bidder receives points toward game only for the number of tricks he bid; a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law; (contract bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make; verb be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness; enter into a contractual arrangement; make smaller; become smaller or draw together; reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; make or become more narrow or restricted; compress or concentrate; squeeze or press together; engage by written agreement

contracting - becoming infected

contraction - the act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope; (physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber); a word formed from two or more words by omitting or combining some sounds; the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together

control - the activity of managing or exerting control over something; (physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc; a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine; power to direct or determine; the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.; a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance; a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; discipline in personal and social activities; great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; verb verify by using a duplicate register for comparison; exercise authoritative control or power over; lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; verify or regulate by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard, of scientific experiments; have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of; be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; handle and cause to function; control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage

controlled - restrained or managed or kept within certain bounds; curbed or regulated

Coronary - surrounding like a crown (especially of the blood vessels surrounding the heart); obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery by a blood clot (thrombus)

cortex - the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal; the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the grey matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum

course - adv. as might be expected; a mode of action; education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport; (construction) a layer of masonry; part of a meal served at one time; a connected series of events or actions or developments; general line of orientation; a line or route along which something travels or moves; verb hunt with hounds; move swiftly through or over; move along, of liquids

crack - of the highest quality; a usually brief attempt; a purified and potent form of cocaine that is smoked rather than snorted; a blemish resulting from a break without complete separation of the parts; a sudden sharp noise; a long narrow opening; the act of cracking something; a narrow opening; witty remark; a long narrow depression in a surface; a chance to do something; verb break into simpler molecules by means of heat; reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking; become fractured; break or crack on the surface only; cause to become cracked; break partially but keep its integrity; tell spontaneously; hit forcefully; deal a hard blow, making a cracking noise; make a very sharp explosive sound; break suddenly and abruptly, as under tension; pass through (a barrier); suffer a nervous breakdown; make a sharp sound

curvature - the property possessed by the curving of a line or surface; the rate of change (at a point) of the angle between a curve and a tangent to the curve; (medicine) a curving or bending; often abnormal

cycle - a single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon; a periodically repeated sequence of events; a series of poems or songs on the same theme; an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals; the unit of frequency; one hertz has a periodic interval of one second; verb recur in repeating sequences; pass through a cycle; cause to go through a recurring sequence; ride a bicycle; ride a motorcycle

cyclic - recurring in cycles; of a compound having atoms arranged in a ring structure; botany; forming a whorl or having parts arranged in a whorl; marked by repeated cycles; conforming to the Carnot cycle

dairy - a farm where dairy products are produced

deadly - (of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect; causing or capable of causing death; of an instrument of certain death; involving loss of divine grace or spiritual death; extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom; exceedingly harmful; adv. as if produced by death; as if dead; (used as intensives) extremely

death - the act of killing; the event of dying or departure from life; the personification of death; the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism; the absence of life or state of being dead; the time at which life ends; continuing until dead; the time when something ends; a final state

Debility - the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)

decay - the organic phenomenon of rotting; a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current; the process of gradually becoming inferior; the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation; an inferior state resulting from the process of decaying; verb fall into decay or ruin; undergo decay or decomposition; lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current

Decrease - the act of decreasing or reducing something; the amount by which something decreases; a change downward; a process of becoming smaller or shorter; verb decrease in size, extent, or range; make smaller

decreased - made less in size or amount or degree

Deficiency - lack of an adequate quantity or number; the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

defined - clearly characterized or delimited; clearly defined; showing clearly the outline or profile or boundary

Dehydration - the process of extracting moisture; depletion of bodily fluids; dryness resulting from the removal of water

deliver - verb deliver (a speech, oration, or idea); utter (an exclamation, noise, etc.); bring to a destination, make a delivery; throw or hurl from the mound to the batter, as in baseball; carry out or perform; save from sins; cause_to_be_born; pass down; relinquish possession or control over; to surrender someone or something to another; hand over to the authorities of another country; free from harm or evil

dentistry - the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth

deposit - the act of putting something somewhere; a payment given as a guarantee that an obligation will be met; the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating; money given as security for an article acquired for temporary use; money deposited in a bank; a facility where things can be deposited for storage or safekeeping; matter that has been deposited by some natural process; a partial payment made at the time of purchase; the balance to be paid later; the natural process of laying down a deposit of something; verb put into a bank account; fix, force, or implant; put (something somewhere) firmly

depression - pushing down; sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy; angular distance below the horizon (especially of a celestial object); a concavity in a surface produced by pressing; a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity; a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment; a period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment; a sunken or depressed geological formation; a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention; an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation

describe - verb give a description of; identify as in botany or biology, for example; to give an account or representation of in words; make a mark or lines on a surface

Description - sort or variety; a statement that represents something in words; the act of describing something

Descriptive - describing the structure of a language; serving to describe or inform or characterized by description; concerned with phenomena (especially language) at a particular period without considering historical antecedents

designated - selected or named for a duty

Destructive - causing destruction or much damage

deterioration - process of changing to an inferior state; a symptom of reduced quality or strength

develop - verb expand in the form of a series; grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment; cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development; be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest; elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme; grow emotionally or mature; gain through experience; move into a strategically more advantageous position; move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions; superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry; generate gradually; make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation; make visible by means of chemical solutions; come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); change the use of and make available or usable; happen; become technologically advanced; create by training and teaching; elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses; work out; come into existence; take on form or shape

developing - relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply; gradually unfolding or growing (especially as of something latent); making or becoming visible through or as if through the action of a chemical agent; processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible

development - act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining; (music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated; a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; a district that has been developed to serve some purpose; processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful; (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

device - any clever maneuver; an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose; an emblematic design (especially in heraldry); any ornamental pattern or design (as in embroidery); something in an artistic work designed to achieve a particular effect

Dextrose - an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits

Diabetes - any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst

Diabetic - suffering from diabetes; of or relating to or causing diabetes; someone who has diabetes

Diagnosis - identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon

Diarrhea - frequent and watery bowel movements; can be a symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor

Diastole - the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood

diastolic - of or relating to a diastole or happening during a diastole

dietary - of or relating to the diet; a regulated daily food allowance

different - differing from all others; not ordinary; unlike in nature or quality or form or degree; distinctly separate from the first; distinct or separate; marked by dissimilarity

difficult - not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; requiring much effort and trouble; difficult to manage or control

Digestion - learning and coming to understand ideas and information; the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body; the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria or by chemical action or heat

digestive - relating to or having the power to cause or promote digestion; any substance that promotes digestion

dioxide - an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule

direct - lacking compromising or mitigating elements; exact; direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short; (of a current) flowing in one direction only; extended senses; direct in means or manner or behavior or language or action; similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity; moving from west to east on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in the same direction as the Earth; having no intervening persons, agents, conditions; in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker; being an immediate result or consequence; in a straight unbroken line of descent from parent to child; adv. without deviation; verb command with authority; give directions to; point somebody into a certain direction; guide the actors in (plays and films); be in charge of; plan and direct (a complex undertaking); specifically design a product, event, or activity for a certain public; put an address on (an envelope); intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; aim or direct at; as of blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment; lead, as in the performance of a composition; direct the course; determine the direction of travelling; cause to go somewhere; take somebody somewhere

directly - adv. without deviation; in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly; without anyone or anything intervening; without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

disease - an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

diseased - caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology

disorder - a disturbance of the peace or of public order; condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; a condition in which things are not in their expected places; verb bring disorder to; disturb in mind or make uneasy or cause to be worried or alarmed

dissolve - (film) a gradual transition from one scene to the next; the next scene is gradually superimposed as the former scene fades out; verb declare void; come to an end; bring the association of to an end or cause to break up; become or cause to become soft or liquid; pass into a solution; cause to go into a solution; become weaker; cause to fade away; lose control emotionally; cause to lose control emotionally; stop functioning or cohering as a unit

distinct - recognizable; marked; easy to perceive; especially clearly outlined; (often followed by `from') not alike; different in nature or quality; clearly or sharply defined to the mind; constituting a separate entity or part

distribution - the act of distributing or spreading or apportioning; the commercial activity of transporting and selling goods from a producer to a consumer; the spatial property of being scattered about over an area or volume; (statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence

disturbance - the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion; a disorderly outburst or tumult; an unhappy and worried mental state; a noisy fight; activity that is an intrusion or interruption; electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication; (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness

disturbed - emotionally unstable and having difficulty coping with personal relationships; having the place or position changed; affected with madness or insanity; afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief

division - the act or process of dividing; the act of dividing or partitioning; separation by the creation of a boundary that divides or keeps apart; an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of multiplication; the quotient of two numbers is computed; discord that splits a group; an army unit large enough to sustain combat; a group of ships of similar type; a unit of the United States Air Force usually comprising two or more wings; an administrative unit in government or business; (botany) taxonomic unit of plants corresponding to a phylum; (biology) a group of organisms forming a subdivision of a larger category; one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; a league ranked by quality

dizziness - a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall

dough - a flour mixture stiff enough to knead or roll; informal terms for money

Duodenum - the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum

eating - the act of consuming food

Edema - swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue

effect - (of a law) having legal validity; an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work; a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; an outward appearance; a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; verb produce; act so as to bring into existence

effects - property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

either - adv. after a negative statement used as an intensive meaning something like `likewise' or `also'

ejection - the act of forcing out someone or something; the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting

electrolyte - a solution that conducts electricity

Electromagnetic - pertaining to or exhibiting magnetism produced by electric charge in motion

elsewhere - adv. in or to another place

ending - the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme); event whose occurrence ends something; the act of ending something; the last section of a communication; the point in time at which something ends

Endocardium - the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves

endocrine - of or belonging to endocrine glands or their secretions; any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect

endure - verb put up with something or somebody unpleasant; undergo or be subjected to; continue to live; endure or last; continue to exist; persist for a specified period of time; last and be usable; face or endure with courage

energy - an imaginative lively style (especially style of writing); enterprising or ambitious drive; forceful exertion; (physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; a healthy capacity for vigorous activity; the federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States; created in 1977

engineering - a room (as on a ship) in which the engine is located; the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems; the practical application of science to commerce or industry

Enlargement - a photographic print that has been enlarged; the state of being enlarged; the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope; a discussion that provides additional information

enough - enough to meet a purpose; adv. as much as necessary; an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

entire - constituting the full quantity or extent; complete; (used of domestic animals) sexually competent; (of leaves or petals) having a smooth edge; not broken up into teeth or lobes; constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; uncastrated adult male horse

Enzyme - any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions

Epicardium - the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium

Epinephrine - a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action

epithelium - membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body

equivalent - being essentially equal to something; equal in amount or value; the atomic weight of an element that has the same combining capacity as a given weight of another element; the standard is 8 for oxygen; a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

Esophagus - the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

essential - basic and fundamental; absolutely required and not to be used up or sacrificed; absolutely necessary; vitally necessary; being or relating to or containing the essence of a plant etc; defining rights and duties as opposed to giving the rules by which rights and duties are established; of the greatest importance; anything indispensable

essentially - adv. at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

Estrogen - a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics

Ethanol - the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline

ethyl - the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom

event - something that happens at a given place and time; a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory; a special set of circumstances; a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

Examination - the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes); the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned; a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge; a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits); formal systematic questioning

example - an item of information that is representative of a type; punishment intended as a warning to others; a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; something to be imitated; a representative form or pattern; an occurrence of something

excess - more than is needed, desired, or required; immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits; a quantity much larger than is needed; excessive indulgence; the state of being more than full

excessive - beyond normal limits; unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings

excrete - verb eliminate from the body

excreting - the bodily process of discharging waste matter

exercise - the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; systematic training by multiple repetitions; (usually plural) a ceremony that involves processions and speeches; the act of using; verb do physical exercise; give a workout to; learn by repetition; put to use; carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions

Expansion - the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope; adding information or detail; a discussion that provides additional information

expense - a detriment or sacrifice; amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures); money spent to perform work and usually reimbursed by an employer

extend - verb increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance; prolong the time allowed for payment of; expand the influence of; open or straighten out; unbend; make available; provide; reach outward in space; extend one's limbs or muscles, or the entire body; thrust or extend out; continue or extend; lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer; extend in scope or range or area; use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity; cause to move at full gallop; extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length; offer verbally; stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point; span an interval of distance, space or time

eyesight - normal use of the faculty of vision

factor - an independent variable in statistics; anything that contributes causally to a result; any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together; (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; an abstract part of something; a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission; one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer; verb resolve into factors

failure - an unexpected omission; an act that fails; an event that does not accomplish its intended purpose; a person with a record of failing; someone who loses consistently; loss of ability to function normally; lack of success; inability to discharge all your debts as they come due

fat-soluble - soluble in fats

fatal - controlled or decreed by fate; predetermined; bringing death; having momentous consequences; of decisive importance; (of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

fatty - containing or composed of fat; a rotund individual

feces - solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels

female - being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa); a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies

fever - intense nervous anticipation; a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

Fiber - a leatherlike material made by compressing layers of paper or cloth; a slender and greatly elongated solid substance; the inherent complex of attributes that determine a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions

fibrous - (of meat) full of sinews; especially impossible to chew; having or resembling fibers especially fibers used in making cordage such as those of jute

findings - a collection of tools and other articles used by an artisan to make jewelry or clothing or shoes

first - being the gear producing the lowest drive speed; ranking above all others; preceding all others in time or space or degree; highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections; indicating the beginning unit in a series; serving to begin; serving to set in motion; adv. before anything else; the initial time; before another in time, space, or importance; prominently forward; an honours degree of the highest class; the first element in a countable series; the first or highest in an ordering or series; the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate); the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; used to start a car moving; the time at which something is supposed to begin

Flatulence - a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal; pompously embellished language

flexible - bending and snapping back readily without breaking; able to flex; able to bend easily; capable of being changed; making or willing to make concessions; able to adjust readily to different conditions

flour - fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain; verb convert grain into flour; cover with flour

fluid - subject to change; variable; affording change (especially in social status); in cash or easily convertible to cash; characteristic of a fluid; capable of flowing and easily changing shape; smooth and unconstrained in movement; a continuous amorphous substance that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas; a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure

Force - physical energy or intensity; a powerful effect or influence; a group of people having the power of effective action; group of people willing to obey orders; (physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; a putout of a base runner who is required to run; the putout is accomplished by holding the ball while touching the base to which the runner must advance before the runner reaches that base; an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists); (of a law) having legal validity; a unit that is part of some military service; one possessing or exercising power or influence or authority; verb impose or thrust urgently, importunately, or inexorably; do forcibly; exert force; force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically; cause to move by pulling; squeeze like a wedge into a tight space; take by force; urge or force (a person) to an action; constrain or motivate; move with force, "He pushed the table into a corner"; to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means :"She forced him to take a job in the city"

foreign - relating to or originating in or characteristic of another place or part of the world; of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own); not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something; not belonging to that in which it is contained; introduced from an outside source

found - come upon unexpectedly or after searching; food and lodging provided in addition to money; verb use as a basis for; found on; set up or lay the groundwork for; set up or found

Fracture - the act of cracking something; breaking of hard tissue such as bone; (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; verb fracture a bone of; break (a bone); become fractured; violate or abuse; break into pieces; interrupt, break, or destroy

freezer - electric refrigerator (trade name Deepfreeze) in which food is frozen and stored for long periods of time

frequently - adv. many times at short intervals

frost - United States poet famous for his lyrical poems on country life in New England (1874-1963); the formation of frost or ice on a surface; ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside); weather cold enough to cause freezing; verb damage by frost; cover with frost; provide with a rough or speckled surface or appearance; decorate with frosting

Fructose - a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits

fruit - the consequence of some effort or action; the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant; an amount of a product; verb bear fruit; cause to bear fruit

function - the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; what something is used for; a formal or official social gathering or ceremony; a relation such that one thing is dependent on another; a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set; a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program; a vaguely specified social event; verb perform as expected when applied; perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function; serve a purpose, role, or function

functional - designed for or capable of a particular function or use; involving or affecting function rather than physiology; designed for or adapted to a function or use; fit or ready for use or service; relating to or based on function especially as opposed to structure; (of e.g. a machine) performing or capable of performing

fungi - (pun) the one who buys the drinks; the taxonomic kingdom of lower plants

further - more distant in especially degree; adv. to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (`further' is used more often than `farther' in this abstract sense); in addition or furthermore; to or at a greater distance in time or space (`farther' is used more frequently than `further' in this physical sense); verb promote the growth of; contribute to the progress or growth of

Gallbladder - a muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion

Gastric - relating to or involving the stomach

Gastroenteritis - inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis

Gastrointestinal - of or relating to the stomach and intestines

gathered - having accumulated or become more intense; brought together in one place

General - prevailing among and common to the general public; not specialized or limited to one class of things; applying to all or most members of a category or group; of national scope; affecting the entire body; somewhat indefinite; of worldwide scope or applicability; a fact about the whole (as opposed to particular); a general officer of the highest rank; the head of a religious order or congregation; verb command as a general

Generalized - spread throughout a body or system; not biologically differentiated or adapted to a specific function or environment

generally - adv. without distinction of one from others; usually; as a rule; without regard to specific details or exceptions

genetic - of or relating to the science of genetics; pertaining to or referring to origin; tending to occur among members of a family usually by heredity; of or relating to or produced by or being a gene

Geriatrics - the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people

Gestational - of or relating to gestation

given - acknowledged as a supposition; having possession delivered or transferred without compensation; (usually followed by `to') naturally disposed toward; an assumption that is taken for granted

Gland - any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream

Glossary - an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field

glucose - a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy

Gluten - a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough

Glycogen - one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body

Goiter - abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet

Grain - the direction or texture of fibers found in wood or leather or stone or in a woven fabric; foodstuff prepared from the starchy grains of cereal grasses; a small hard particle; dry seedlike fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn; 1/7000 pound; equals a troy grain or 64.799 milligrams; 1/60 dram; equals an avoirdupois grain or 64.799 milligrams; a weight unit used for pearls or diamonds: 50 mg or 1/4 carat; verb paint (a surface) to make it look like stone or wood; become granular; form into grains; thoroughly work in

group - any number of entities (members) considered as a unit; a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse; (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule; verb arrange into a group or groups; form a group or group together

grown - (of animals) fully developed

growth - vegetation that has grown; something grown or growing; (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; a progression from simpler to more complex forms; (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor); the gradual beginning or coming forth; a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important

Hardening - the act of making something harder (firmer or tighter or more compact); the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization; abnormal hardening or thickening of tissue

Harmful - causing or capable of causing harm; able or likely to do harm; constituting a disadvantage; tending to cause great harm; contrary to your interests or welfare; injurious to physical or mental health

Harmless - not threatening to life or health; not malignant; not causing or capable of causing harm; unlikely to harm or disturb anyone; not producing any toxic effects; not injurious to physical or mental health

healing - tending to cure or restore to health; the natural process by which the body repairs itself

health - the general condition of body and mind; a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

healthful - conducive to good health of body or mind; free from filth and pathogens

heart - a playing card in the major suit that has one or more red hearts on it; an inclination or tendency of a certain kind; the courage to carry on; the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; the locus of feelings and intuitions; a firm rather dry variety meat (usually beef or veal); a plane figure with rounded sides curving inward at the top and intersecting at the bottom; conventionally used on playing cards and valentines; the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience; a positive feeling of liking; an area that is approximately central within some larger region

Heartburn - a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder

heating - the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature; utility to warm a building

height - the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top; (of a standing person) the distance from head to foot; elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface; the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

hemoglobin - a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues

Hemorrhage - flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels; verb lose blood from one's body

Hemorrhoid - pain caused by venous swelling at or inside the anal sphincter

Hepatic - pertaining to or affecting the liver; any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses

Heredity - the total of inherited attributes; the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next

Hernia - rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes

high-energy - providing a relatively large amount of energy upon undergoing a chemical reaction; of or relating to elementary particles having energies of hundreds of thousands of electron volts; vigorously energetic or forceful

honey - of something having the color of honey; a sweet yellow liquid produced by bees; a beloved person; used as terms of endearment; verb sweeten with honey

hormone - the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect

humpback - large whalebone whale with long flippers noted for arching or humping its back as it dives; a person whose back is hunched because of abnormal curvature of the upper spine; an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column

hunchback - a person whose back is hunched because of abnormal curvature of the upper spine; an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column

Hydrogenation - a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil

Hyperactivity - a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement

Hypercholesterolemia - the presence of an abnormal amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the blood; associated with the risk of atherosclerosis

Hyperglycemia - abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes

Hyperlipidemia - presence of excess lipids in the blood

Hyperplasia - abnormal increase in number of cells

Hypertension - a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)

Hypo - a compound used as a fixing agent in photographic developing; a piston syringe that is fitted with a hypodermic needle for giving injections

Hypoglycemia - abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet

Hypotension - abnormally low blood pressure

Iatrogenic - induced by a physician's words or therapy (used especially of a complication resulting from treatment)

Identification - the attribution to yourself (consciously or unconsciously) of the characteristics of another person (or group of persons); evidence of identity; something that identifies a person or thing; the condition of having your identity established; the act of designating or identifying something; the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering

identify - verb consider to be equal or the same; recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; identify as in botany or biology, for example; consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else; conceive of as united or associated; give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property

Idiopathic - (of diseases) arising from an unknown cause

Ileum - the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum

illness - impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

image - the general impression that something (a person or organization or product) presents to the public; an iconic mental representation; a representation of a person (especially in the form of sculpture); a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; (Jungian psychology) a personal facade that one presents to the world; a standard or typical example; language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense; someone who closely resembles a famous person (especially an actor); verb imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind

Immobilize - verb cause to be unable to move; convert (assets) into fixed capital; make defenseless; hold as reserve or withdraw from circulation; of capital; prohibit the conversion or use of (assets); to hold fast or prevent from moving

immovable - not able or intended to be moved; property consisting of houses and land

immune - (usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence; relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection); secure against; relating to the condition of immunity; a person who is immune to a particular infection

Immunity - the quality of being unaffected by something; (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease; an act exempting someone; the state of not being susceptible

Impaired - diminished in strength, quality, or utility; mentally or physically unfit

implantation - a surgical procedure that places something in the human body; the act of planting or setting in the ground; (embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals

improper - not suitable or right or appropriate; not conforming to legality, moral law, or social convention; not appropriate for a purpose or occasion

impulsiveness - the trait of acting suddenly on impulse without reflection

inability - lacking the power to perform; lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something

inactive - not active physically or mentally; not engaged in full-time work; lacking activity; lying idle or unused; not progressing or increasing; or progressing slowly; not exerting influence or change; not in physical motion; not participating in a chemical reaction; chemically inert; lacking in energy or will; of e.g. volcanos; not erupting and not extinct; not involved in military operations

inadequate - (sometimes followed by `to') not meeting the requirements especially of a task; not sufficient to meet a need

incident - falling or striking of light rays on something; (sometimes followed by `to') minor or casual or subordinate in significance or nature or occurring as a chance concomitant or consequence; a single distinct event; a public disturbance

incision - the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation); a depression scratched or carved into a surface

include - verb add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category; consider as part of something; have as a part, be made up out of; allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of

increase - the act of increasing something; the amount by which something increases; a change resulting in an increase; a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; a quantity that is added; verb make bigger or more; become bigger or greater in amount

increased - made greater in size or amount or degree

Indigestible - digested with difficulty

Indigestion - a disorder of digestive function characterized by discomfort or heartburn or nausea

Infarct - localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply

infarction - localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply

Infection - (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure; moral corruption or contamination; an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted; (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease; (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound; the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms; the communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people

infectious - easily spread; caused by infection or capable of causing infection; of or relating to infection

Inferior - of or characteristic of low rank or importance; of low or inferior quality; having an orbit between the sun and the Earth's orbit; lower than a given reference point; inferior in rank or status; falling short of some prescribed norm; written or printed below and to one side of another character; one of lesser rank or station or quality; a character or symbol set or printed or written beneath or slightly below and to the side of another character

Inflammation - arousal to violent emotion; a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat; the act of setting something on fire; the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up

inflammatory - characterized or caused by inflammation; arousing to action or rebellion

information - (communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome; knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction; a message received and understood; formal accusation of a crime; a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn

infrequent - not frequent; not occurring regularly or at short intervals

inheritance - hereditary succession to a title or an office or property; any attribute or immaterial possession that is inherited from ancestors; (genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents; that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner

injection - the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure; the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; any solution that is injected (as into the skin)

injured - usually used of physical or mental injury to persons

injury - an act that injures someone; an accident that results in physical damage or hurt; any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.; a casualty to military personnel resulting from combat

inner - inside or closer to the inside of the body; located or occurring within or closer to a center; located inward; innermost or essential; exclusive to a center; especially a center of influence; confined to an exclusive group

inorganic - relating or belonging to the class of compounds not having a carbon basis; lacking the properties characteristic of living organisms

inside - away from the outer edge; being or applying to the inside of a building; relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space; confined to an exclusive group; adv. within a building; on the inside; in reality; with respect to private feelings; the inner or enclosed surface of something; the region that is inside of something

instead - adv. in place of, or as an alternative to; on the contrary

instrument - the means whereby some act is accomplished; a device that requires skill for proper use; a person used by another to gain an end; any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sounds; the semantic role of the entity (usually inanimate) that the agent uses to perform an action or start a process; (law) a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right; verb address a legal document to; write an instrumental score for; equip with instruments for measuring, recording, or controlling

insufficient - of a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement

insulin - hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells

intake - an opening through which fluid is admitted to a tube or container; the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

interfering - intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner

interruption - some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity; an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity; a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something

intestinal - of or relating to or inside the intestines

intestine - the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

Intolerance - impatience with annoyances; unwillingness to recognize and respect differences in opinions or beliefs

intramuscular - within a muscle

intravenous - within or by means of a vein

invasion - the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder; (pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body; any entry into an area not previously occupied

invasive - marked by a tendency to spread especially into healthy tissue; relating to a technique in which the body is entered by puncture or incision; gradually intrusive without right or permission; involving invasion or aggressive attack

Involuntary - not subject to the control of the will; controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control

involved - emotionally involved; entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire; connected by participation or association or use; enveloped; highly complex or intricate

Irradiation - (Pavolvian conditioning) the elicitation of a conditioned response by stimulation similar but not identical to the original stimulus; the apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background; (physiology) the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortex; the condition of being exposed to radiation; (medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substance; a column of light (as from a beacon)

ischemia - local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism

ischemic - relating to or affected by ischemia

Jejunum - the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum

Joint - involving both houses of a legislature; united or combined; affecting or involving two or more; marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking; junction by which parts or objects are joined together; a disreputable place of entertainment; (anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion); a piece of meat roasted or for roasting and of a size for slicing into more than one portion; the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made; verb separate (meat) at the joint; fasten with a joint; provide with a joint; fit as if by joints

juncture - an event that occurs at a critical time; a crisis situation or point in time when a critical decision must be made; the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made

ketoacidosis - acidosis with an accumulation of ketone bodies; occurs primarily in diabetes mellitus

Ketone - any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals

kidney - either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine

killing - very funny; the act of terminating a life; an event that causes someone to die; a very large profit

Kilogram - one thousand grams; the basic unit of mass adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

known - apprehended with certainty

kosher - conforming to dietary laws; proper or legitimate; food that fulfills the requirements of Jewish dietary law

Kyphosis - an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column

laboratory - a workplace for the conduct of scientific research; a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation

Lacking - not existing; inadequate in amount or degree

Lactation - the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands; the period following birth during which milk is secreted; feeding an infant by giving suck at the breast

Lactose - a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk

laparoscope - a slender endoscope inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall in order to examine the abdominal organs or to perform minor surgery

Laparoscopy - laparotomy performed with a laparoscope that makes a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity (especially the ovaries and Fallopian tubes)

large - having broad power and range and scope; above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent; fairly large or important in effect; influential; in an advanced stage of pregnancy; conspicuous in position or importance; generous and understanding and tolerant; ostentatiously lofty in style; adv. with the wind abaft the beam; at a distance, wide of something (as of a mark); in a boastful manner; a garment size for a large person

laundry - workplace where clothes are washed and ironed; garments or white goods that can be cleaned by laundering

layer - thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells; a hen that lays eggs; single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance; a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another; an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; verb make or form a layer

leading - going or proceeding or going in advance; showing the way; indicating the most important performer or role; greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement; having the leading position or higher score in a contest; the activity of leading; thin strip of metal used to separate lines of type in printing

Lesion - any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part; any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision

lessen - verb decrease in size, extent, or range; wear off or die down; make smaller

level - oriented at right angles to the plumb; being on a precise horizontal plane; not showing abrupt variations; of the score in a contest; having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another; indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid; height above ground; an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; verb become level or even; talk frankly with; lay it on the line; aim at; tear down so as to make flat with the ground; direct into a position for use; make level or straight

limited - including only a part; not unlimited; having a specific function or scope; small in range or scope; not excessive; mediocre; subject to limits or subjected to limits; public transport consisting of a fast train or bus that makes only a few scheduled stops

lining - the act of attaching an inside lining (to a garment or curtain etc.); providing something with a surface of a different material; a protective covering that protects an inside surface; a piece of cloth that is used as the inside surface of a garment

linked - connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks

Lipid - an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)

lipoprotein - a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood

liquid - clear and bright; smooth and flowing in quality; entirely free of harshness; existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow; filled or brimming with tears; in cash or easily convertible to cash; smooth and unconstrained in movement; changed from a solid to a liquid state; a frictionless continuant that is not a nasal consonant (especially `l' and `r'); the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility; a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume; a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure

liquidity - being in cash or easily convertible to cash; debt paying ability; the property of flowing easily; the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility

little - small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context); (of a voice) faint; lowercase; (quantifier used with mass s) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some; (of children and animals) young, immature; (informal) small and of little importance; limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; of short duration or distance; adv. not much; a small amount or duration

liver - having a reddish-brown color; large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes; liver of an animal used as meat; someone who lives in a place; a person who has a special life style

living - (informal) absolute; (used of minerals or stone) in its natural state and place; not mined or quarried; still in active use; true to life; lifelike; pertaining to living persons; dwelling or inhabiting; often used in combination; still in existence; people who are still living; the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities; the financial means whereby one lives; the condition of living or the state of being alive

localized - made local or oriented locally; confined or restricted to a particular location

located - situated in a particular spot or position

long-lasting - existing for a long time

loose - not bound or fastened or gathered together; not compact or dense in structure or arrangement; (of a ball in sport) not in the possession or control of any player; not restrained or confined or attached; freely producing mucus; not tight; not closely constrained or constricted or constricting; not carefully arranged in a package; not fixed firmly or tightly; (of textures) full of small openings or gaps; not tense or taut; not affixed; casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior; emptying easily or excessively; not literal; having escaped, especially from confinement; not officially recognized or controlled; lacking a sense of restraint or responsibility; adv. without restraint; verb become loose or looser or less tight; make loose or looser; turn loose or free from restraint; grant freedom to; free from confinement

Low-density - having low concentration; having low relative density or specific gravity

lower - the lower of two berths; verb set lower; cause to drop or sink; move something or somebody to a lower position; look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval; make lower or quieter

lowest - lowest in rank or importance; adv. in the lowest position; nearest the ground

lymph - a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle; is conveyed to the blood stream by lymphatic vessels

lymphatic - of or relating to or produced by lymph

maintain - verb state or assert; observe correctly or closely; support against an opponent; state categorically; maintain by writing regular records; supply with necessities and support; maintain for use and service; have and exercise; keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction; keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean"

Malabsorption - abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract

malignant - dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor)

Malnutrition - a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods

Manufacture - the organized action of making of goods and services for sale; the act of making something (a product) from raw materials; verb put together out of components or parts; make up something artificial or untrue

manufacturer - a business engaged in manufacturing some product; someone who manufactures something

Masticate - verb grind and knead; chew (food)

material - derived from or composed of matter; directly relevant to a matter especially a law case; concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being; concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests; having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary; having material or physical form or substance; things needed for doing or making something; information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form; a person judged suitable for admission or employment; the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

matter - (used with negation) having consequence; a vaguely specified concern; a problem; written works (especially in books or magazines); that which has mass and occupies space; some situation or event that is thought about; verb have weight; have import, carry weight

meaning - rich in significance or implication; the idea that is intended; the message that is intended or expressed or signified

means - how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; an instrumentality for accomplishing some end; considerable capital (wealth or income)

measure - how much there is of something that you can quantify; any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats; the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule; measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements; a statute in draft before it becomes law; (prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse; a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; verb determine the measurements of something or somebody, take measurements of; place a value on; judge the worth of something; have certain dimensions; express as a number or measure or quantity

measurement - the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule

measuring - the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule

mechanically - adv. in a machinelike manner; without feeling; in a mechanical manner; by a mechanism

medication - the act of treating with medicines or remedies; (medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease

medicine - the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; (medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease; the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques; punishment for one's actions; verb treat medicinally, treat with medicine

Melanoma - any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes

membrane - a thin pliable sheet of material; a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects organs or cells of animals

menopause - the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends

menstruation - the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause

mercury - temperature measured by a mercury thermometer; the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun; (Roman mythology) messenger of Jupiter and god of commerce; counterpart of Greek Hermes; a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

metabolic - undergoing metamorphosis; of or relating to metabolism

Metabolism - the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life; the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals

Metastasis - the spreading of a disease to another part of the body; the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

metastasize - verb spread throughout the body

Method - a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps); an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed

metric - based on the meter as a standard of measurement; the rhythmic arrangement of syllables; a system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic; a decimal unit of measurement of the metric system (based on meters and kilograms and seconds); a function of a topological space that gives, for any two points in the space, a value equal to the distance between them

microorganism - any organism of microscopic size

Microscopic - too small to be seen except under a microscope; extremely precise with great attention to details; of or relating to or used in microscopy; infinitely or immeasurably small

Mineral - of or containing or derived from minerals; composed of matter other than plant or animal; relating to minerals; solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

minor - limited in size or scope; inferior in number or size or amount; lesser in scope or effect; not of legal age; of a scale or mode; of your secondary field of academic concentration or specialization; of lesser importance or stature or rank; of lesser seriousness or danger; warranting only temporal punishment; a young person of either sex

Minute - characterized by painstaking care and detailed examination; infinitely or immeasurably small; immeasurably small; a short note; a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree; a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour; distance measured by the time taken to cover it; a particular point in time; an indefinitely short time

Mitosis - cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

moderately - adv. in a moderate manner; to a moderately sufficient extent or degree

Mono - designating sound transmission or recording or reproduction over a single channel; an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing

mosaturated - (of long-chain carbon compounds especially fats) saturated except for one multiple bond

Monthly - occurring or payable every month; adv. without missing a month; a periodical that is published every month (or 12 issues per year)

mouth - the opening of a jar or bottle; the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; an opening that resembles a mouth (as of a cave or a gorge); a person conceived as a consumer of food; an impudent or insolent rejoinder; a spokesperson (as a lawyer); verb articulate silently; form words with the lips only; touch with the mouth; express in speech

movement - the act of changing the location of something; the driving and regulating parts of a mechanism (as of a watch or clock); a major self-contained part of a symphony or sonata; a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something; a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals; the act of changing location from one place to another; a change of position that does not entail a change of location; a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; a general tendency to change (as of opinion); an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object; a euphemism for defecation

mucous - of or secreting or covered with or resembling mucus

multiple - having or involving or consisting of more than one part or entity or individual; the product of a quantity by an integer

muscle - authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells; one of the contractile organs of the body; possessing muscular strength; a bully employed as a thug or bodyguard; verb make one's way by force

muscular - having or suggesting great physical power or force; of or relating to or consisting of muscle; having a robust muscular body-build characterized by predominance of structures (bone and muscle and connective tissue) developed from the embryonic mesodermal layer; (of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful

Musculoskeletal - relating to muscles and skeleton

Myalgia - pain in a muscle or group of muscles

myocardial - of or relating to the myocardium

Myocardium - the middle muscular layer of the heart wall

narrowed - having the opening reduced squeezed; made narrow; limited in breadth; reduced in size as by squeezing together

Narrowing - (of circumstances) tending to constrict freedom; becoming gradually narrower; the act of making something narrower; an instance of becoming narrow; a decrease in width

naturally - adv. as might be expected; according to nature; by natural means; without artificial help; in a natural or normal manner; through inherent nature

nature - the complex of emotional and intellectual attributes that determine a person's characteristic actions and reactions; the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized; a particular type of thing; the natural physical world including plants and animals and landscapes etc.; a causal agent creating and controlling things in the universe

nausea - disgust so strong it makes you feel sick; the state that precedes vomiting

necessary - unavoidably determined by prior circumstances; absolutely essential; anything indispensable

Necrosis - the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply)

needed - necessary for relief or supply

needs - adv. in such a manner as could not be otherwise

neoplasm - an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose

Nerve - any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body; impudent aggressiveness; the courage to carry on; verb get ready for something difficult or unpleasant

nerves - control of your emotions; an uneasy psychological state

Neuropathy - any pathology of the peripheral nerves

nitrogen - a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

normal - conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal; being approximately average or within certain limits in e.g. intelligence and development; in accordance with scientific laws; forming a right angle; something regarded as a normative example

nourishment - the act of nourishing; a source of materials to nourish the body

nucleus - a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction; any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord; the positively charged dense center of an atom; (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail; a small group of indispensable persons or things

number - an item of merchandise offered for sale; a clothing measurement; the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals; the grammatical category for the forms of s and pros and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural); a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification; a select company of people; a concept of quantity derived from zero and units; the number is used in calling a particular telephone; one of a series published periodically; a symbol used to represent a number; a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program; verb place a limit on the number of; enumerate; give numbers to; determine the number or amount of; add up in number or quantity; put into a group

Nutrition - the scientific study of food and drink (especially in humans); (physiology) the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance; a source of materials to nourish the body

Obesity - more than average fatness

observation - the act of observing; taking a patient look; the act of making and recording a measurement; facts learned by observing; a remark expressing careful consideration; the act of noticing or paying attention

Occlusion - (dentistry) the normal spatial relation of the teeth when the jaws are closed; closure or blockage (as of a blood vessel); the act of blocking; an obstruction in a pipe or tube; (meteorology) a composite front when colder air surrounds a mass of warm air and forces it aloft

occur - verb come to one's mind; suggest itself; to be found to exist; come to pass

offspring - something that comes into existence as a result; the immediate descendants of a person; any immature animal

often - adv. many times at short intervals; frequently or in great quantities

Olfactory - of or relating to olfaction

Oncology - the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of tumors

one-celled - having a single cell (and thus not divided into cells)

opening - first or beginning; the act of opening something; becoming open or being made open; a recognized sequence of moves at the beginning of a game of chess; a vacant or unobstructed space that is man-made; the initial part of the introduction; the first performance (as of a theatrical production); a ceremony accompanying the start of some enterprise; an open or empty space in or between things; opportunity especially for employment or promotion; the first of a series of actions; an entrance equipped with a hatch; especially a passageway between decks of a ship; an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; a possible alternative

opposite - of leaves etc; growing in pairs on either side of a stem; altogether different in nature or quality or significance; the other one of a complementary pair; being directly across from each other; facing; moving or facing away from each other; characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed; adv. directly facing each other; a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other; a contestant that you are matched against; a relation of direct opposition; something inverted in sequence or character or effect

order - the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement; (architecture) one of original three styles of Greek architecture distinguished by the type of column and entablature used or a style developed from the original three by the Romans; a degree in a continuum of size or quantity; a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities; a body of rules followed by an assembly; (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed; a request for food or refreshment (as served in a restaurant or bar etc.); (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families; a group of person living under a religious rule; established customary state (especially of society); a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge); a formal association of people with similar interests; logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; (usually plural) the status or rank or office of a Christian clergyman in an ecclesiastical hierarchy; a condition of regular or proper arrangement; verb place in a certain order; bring order to or into; make a request for something; give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority; issue commands or orders for; assign a rank or rating to; arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events; appoint to a clerical posts; bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

organ - wind instrument whose sound is produced by means of pipes arranged in sets supplied with air from a bellows and controlled from a large complex musical keyboard; a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function; a periodical that is published by a special interest group; a government agency or instrument devoted to the performance of some specific function; (music) an electronic simulation of a pipe organ; a free-reed instrument in which air is forced through the reeds by bellows

organic - involving or affecting physiology or bodily organs; simple and healthful and close to nature; relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis; being or relating to or derived from or having properties characteristic of living organisms; of or relating to foodstuff grown or raised without synthetic fertilizers or pesticides or hormones; of or relating to or derived from living organisms; constitutional in the structure of something (especially your physical makeup); a fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter

organism - a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently; a system considered analogous in structure or function to a living body

organs - edible viscera of a butchered animal

origin - properties attributable to your ancestry; the point of intersection of coordinate axes; where the values of the coordinates are all zero; an event that is a beginning; a first part or stage of subsequent events; the descendants of one individual; the place where something begins, where it springs into being

Orthostatic - pertaining to an upright standing posture

osteoarthritis - chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age

osteoporosis - abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women

other - very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; recently past; not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; belonging to the distant past

outcome - something that results; a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

Over-the-counter - (of securities) not quoted on a stock exchange; purchasable without a doctor's prescription

overactivity - excessive activity

Overall - involving only main features; including everything; (usually plural) work clothing consisting of denim trousers (usually with a bib and shoulder straps); a loose protective coverall or smock worn over ordinary clothing for dirty work

oxygen - a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

pancreas - a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin

Parasite - an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host; a follower who hangs around a host (without benefit to the host) in hope of gain or advantage

Parathyroid - any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland

parent - a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian; verb bring up

Parenteral - located outside the alimentary tract; administered by means other than through the alimentary tract (as by intramuscular or intravenous injection)

Pareve - containing no meat or milk (or their derivatives) and thus eatable with both meat and dairy dishes according to the dietary laws of Judaism

particular - providing specific details or circumstances; unique or specific to a person or thing or category; separate and distinct from others of the same group or category; first and most important; surpassing what is common or usual or expected; exacting especially about details; a fact about some part (as opposed to general); (logic) a proposition that asserts something about some (but not all) members of a class; a small part that can be considered separately from the whole

particularly - adv. to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common; specifically or especially distinguished from others; uniquely or characteristically

parts - the local environment

passage - the act of passing from one state or place to the next; a journey usually by ship; the act of passing something to another person; a bodily reaction of changing from one place or stage to another; a way through or along which someone or something may pass; a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; a section of text; particularly a section of medium length; a short section of a musical composition; the passing of a law by a legislative body; the motion of one object relative to another

passageway - a passage between rooms or between buildings; a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass

Pasteurization - partial sterilization of foods at a temperature that destroys harmful microorganisms without major changes in the chemistry of the food

Pathogen - any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)

Pathology - the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases; any deviation from a healthy or normal condition

penetrate - verb come to understand; pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance; insert the penis into the vagina or anus of; make one's way deeper into or through; become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions; spread or diffuse through; enter a group or organization in order to spy on the members

penetrating - tending to penetrate; having the power of entering or piercing; having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

People - (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively; members of a family line; the body of citizens of a state or country; the common people generally; verb fill with people or supply with inhabitants; furnish with people

perceived - detected by means of the senses; detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

percent - a proportion multiplied by 100

Period - a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations; the end or completion of something; a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed; one of three periods of play in hockey games; the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon; a stage in the history of a culture having a definable place in space and time; the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; an amount of time

periodontal - of or relating to or involving or practicing periodontics

permanent - continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place; not capable of being reversed or returned to the original condition; a series of waves in the hair made by applying heat and chemicals

Pernicious - working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way; exceedingly harmful

person - a human being; a human body (usually including the clothing); a grammatical category of pros and verb forms

pharmacologic - of or relating to pharmacology

Pharmacology - the science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects

physical - having substance or material existence; perceptible to the senses; concerned with material things; characterized by energetic bodily activity; according with material things or natural laws (other than those peculiar to living matter); involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit; relating to the sciences dealing with matter and energy; especially physics; impelled by physical force especially against resistance

physician - a licensed medical practitioner

Pinch - a squeeze with the fingers; an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed; a painful or straitened circumstance; the act of apprehending (especially apprehending a criminal); a small sharp bite or snip; a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action; a slight but appreciable addition; verb irritate as if by a nip, pinch, or tear; squeeze tightly between the fingers; cut the top off; make ridges into by pinching together; make off with belongings of others

Placebo - (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead; an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug

placed - put in position in relation to other things; situated in a particular spot or position

Plant - a living organism lacking the power of locomotion; buildings for carrying on industrial labor; something planted secretly for discovery by another; an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience; verb put firmly in the mind; place something or someone in a certain position in order to secretly observe or deceive; put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground; place into a river; fix or set securely or deeply; set up or lay the groundwork for

Plaque - (pathology) a small abnormal patch on or inside the body; a memorial made of brass

Plasma - colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended; (physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone

point - sharp end; a wall socket; the gun muzzle's direction; an outstanding characteristic; a distinguishing or individuating characteristic; the property of a shape that tapers to a sharp tip; a geometric element that has position but no extension; the object of an activity; a brief version of the essential meaning of something; a V-shaped mark at one end of an arrow pointer; the precise location of something; a spatially limited location; a promontory extending out into a large body of water; the unit of counting in scoring a game or contest; a linear unit used to measure the size of type; approximately 1/72 inch; a style in speech or writing that arrests attention and has a penetrating or convincing quality or effect; a V shape; a very small circular shape; an instant of time; a contact in the distributor; as the rotor turns its projecting arm contacts them and current flows to the spark plugs; an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole; a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list; a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations; any of 32 horizontal directions indicated on the card of a compass; a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; verb repair the joints of bricks; be positionable in a specified manner; mark (a psalm text) to indicate the points at which the music changes; mark with diacritics; mark (Hebrew words) with diacritics; give a point to; be a signal for or a symptom of; indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively; intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; direct into a position for use; sail close to the wind; direct the course; determine the direction of travelling; be oriented

poison - anything that harms or destroys; any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organism; verb administer poison to; add poison to; kill with poison; kill by its poison; spoil as if by poison

Polyp - one of two forms that coelenterates take e.g. a hydra or coral: usually sedentary and has a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth; a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane

polyunsaturated - (of long-chain carbon compounds especially fats) having many unsaturated bonds

portion - the allotment of some amount by dividing something; something less than the whole of a human artifact; an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal; money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage; assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; something determined in relation to something that includes it; your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you); verb give out or allot

position - the act of positing; an assumption taken as a postulate or axiom; a job in an organization; (in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player; the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated; the arrangement of the body and its limbs; a rationalized mental attitude; a way of regarding situations or topics etc.; the particular portion of space occupied by something; the appropriate or customary location; the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another; the act of putting something in a certain place; an item on a list or in a sequence; an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute; a point occupied by troops for tactical reasons; a condition or position in which you find yourself; the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society; verb cause to be in an appropriate place, state, or relation; put into a certain place or abstract location

possible - capable of happening or existing; existing in possibility; capable of being imagined; something that can be done; an applicant who might be suitable

potential - existing in possibility; expected to become or be; in prospect; the inherent capacity for coming into being; the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts

potentially - adv. with a possibility of becoming actual

powder - any of various cosmetic or medical preparations dispensed in the form of a pulverized powder; a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized; a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks; verb apply powder to; make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust

predetermined - set in advance

Prediction - the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future); a statement made about the future

Prefix - an affix that is added in front of the word; verb attach a prefix to

pregnancy - the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus

preparation - the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose; (music) a note that produces a dissonant chord is first heard in a consonant chord; the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat; preparatory school work done outside school (especially at home); activity leading to skilled behavior; the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening; the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); a substance prepared according to a formula

prescribed - set down as a rule or guide; formally laid down or imposed; conforming to set usage, procedure, or discipline; fixed or established especially by order or command

prescription - available only with a doctor's written prescription; written instructions from a physician or dentist to a druggist concerning the form and dosage of a drug to be issued to a given patient; written instructions for an optician on the lenses for a given person; directions prescribed beforehand; the action of prescribing authoritative rules or directions; a drug that is available only with written instructions from a doctor or dentist to a pharmacist

presence - the act of being present; the impression that something is present; the immediate proximity of someone or something; an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby; the state of being present; current existence; dignified manner or conduct

pressure - a force that compels; the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress; the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure; the state of demanding notice or attention; verb to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means :"She forced him to take a job in the city"; exert pressure on someone through threats

primarily - adv. of primary import; for the most part

Primary - not derived from or reducible to something else; basic; of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondhand; of primary importance; most important element; of or being the essential or basic part; a preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen; one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing; coil forming the part of an electrical circuit such that changing current in it induces a current in a neighboring circuit

process - a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; (psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; a mental process that you are not directly aware of; a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant; verb subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information; deal with in a routine way; deliver a warrant or summons to someone; shape, form, or improve a material; march in a procession; institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against

processed - subjected to a special process or treatment; prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process; freed from impurities by processing

produce - fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market; verb create or manufacture a man-made product; bring forth or yield; cause to happen, occur or exist; bring out for display; bring onto the market or release; come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques

produced - that is caused by

production - (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law; the act or process of producing something; the creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services; (economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television; a display that is exaggerated or unduly complicated; an artifact that has been created by someone or some process; the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)

Progesterone - a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy

Prognosis - a prediction of the course of a disease; a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop

progressive - advancing in severity; favoring or promoting reform (often by government action); favoring or promoting progress; (of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases; gradually advancing in extent; a tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going; a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties

promote - verb change a pawn for a king by advancing it to the eighth row, or change a checker piece for a more valuable piece by moving it the row closest to your opponent; be changed for a superior chess or checker piece; give a promotion to or assign to a higher position; contribute to the progress or growth of; make publicity for; try to sell (a product)

Prostate - relating to the prostate gland; a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen

protect - verb shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; use tariffs to favor domestic industry

protein - any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes

protruding - extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

Protrusion - the act of projecting out from something; something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from its surroundings

provide - verb take measures in preparation for; determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation; provide what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; supply means of subsistence; earn a living; provide or furnish with; mount or put up; make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain

psychological - mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature; of or relating to or determined by psychology

Puberty - the time of life when sex glands become functional

Pulmonary - relating to or affecting the lungs

Pulse - the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart; edible seeds of various pod-bearing plants (peas or beans or lentils etc.); the rate at which the heart beats; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health; (electronics) a sharp transient wave in the normal electrical state (or a series of such transients); verb produce or modulate (as electromagnetic waves) in the form of short bursts or pulses or cause an apparatus to produce pulses; drive by or as if by pulsation; expand and contract rhythmically; beat rhythmically

pumped - tense with excitement and enthusiasm as from a rush of adrenaline

pyrosis - a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder

quickly - adv. with rapid movements; with little or no delay; without taking pains

radiation - the act of spreading outward from a central source; a radial arrangement of nerve fibers connecting different parts of the brain; the spread of a group of organisms into new habitats; energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles; the spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay; (medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substance; syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., exposure to radioactive chemicals or to nuclear explosions); low doses cause diarrhea and nausea and vomiting and sometimes loss of hair; greater exposure can cause sterility and cataracts and some forms of cancer and other diseases; severe exposure can cause death within hours

radium - an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores

raise - increasing the size of a bet (as in poker); the amount a salary is increased; the act of raising something; an upward slope or grade (as in a road); verb raise the level or amount of something; invigorate or heighten; bring (a surface or a design) into relief and cause to project; multiply (a number) by itself a specified number of times: 8 is 2 raised to the power 3; establish radio communications with; activate or stir up; cause to be heard or known; express or utter; proce (vowels) by bringing the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth; put forward for consideration or discussion; bet more than the previous player; bid (one's partner's suit) at a higher level; summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic; construct, build, or erect; create a disturbance, especially by making a great noise; raise from a lower to a higher position; cause to puff up with a leaven; collect funds for a specific purpose; cause to become alive again; increase; put an end to; raise in rank or condition; cause to assemble or enlist in the military; cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); move upwards; give a promotion to or assign to a higher position; bring up

range - a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds; a variety of different things or activities; the limits within which something can be effective; a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze; a series of hills or mountains; the limits of the values a function can take; a kitchen appliance used for cooking food; an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"; the limit of capability; verb let eat; lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line; range or extend over; occupy a certain area; change or be different within limits; have a range; be capable of projecting over a certain distance, as of a gun; assign a rank or rating to; feed as in a meadow or pasture; move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

rather - adv. to some (great or small) extent; on the contrary; to a degree (not used with a negative); more readily or willingly

Reaction - doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you don't like; a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; an idea evoked by some experience; extreme conservatism in political or social matters; a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude; (mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body; (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others

reading - the act of measuring with meters or similar instruments; the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message; a datum about some physical state that is presented to a user by a meter or similar instrument; written material intended to be read; a particular interpretation or performance; a city on the River Thames in Berkshire in southern England; a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something; a public instance of reciting or repeating (from memory) something prepared in advance

Recorded - recorded or listed in a directory; set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction; (of securities) having the owner's name entered in a register

rectum - the terminal section of the alimentary canal; from the sigmoid flexure to the anus

recurrent - recurring again and again

redness - red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood; a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat

reduced - well below normal (especially in price); made less in size or amount or degree

Reduction - the act of reducing complexity; any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent; the act of decreasing or reducing something

reflux - an abnormal backward flow of body fluids; the outward flow of the tide

regulating - the act of controlling or directing according to rule

regulation - prescribed by or according to regulation; the act of controlling or directing according to rule; the act of bringing to uniformity; making regular; an authoritative rule; (embryology) the ability of an early embryo to continue normal development after its structure has been somehow damaged or altered; the state of being controlled or governed; a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

regulatory - restricting according to rules or principles

regurgitation - recall after rote memorization; backflow of blood through a defective heart valve; the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth

related - connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage; being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics; having close kinship and appropriateness; similar or related in quality or character

relaxation - a method of solving simultaneous equations by guessing a solution and then reducing the errors that result by successive approximations until all the errors are less than some specified amount; an occurrence of control or strength weakening; (physics) the exponential return of a system to equilibrium after a disturbance; (physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers; the act of making less strict; freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility); a feeling of refreshing tranquility and an absence of tension or worry

release - (music) the act or manner of terminating a musical phrase or tone; a formal written statement of relinquishment; activity that frees or expresses creative energy or emotion; merchandise issued for sale or public showing (especially a record or film); a device that when pressed will release part of a mechanism; a process that liberates or discharges something; the act of liberating someone or something; the termination of someone's employment (leaving them free to depart); the act of allowing a fluid to escape; a legal document evidencing the discharge of a debt or obligation; an ancement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation; euphemistic expressions for death; verb part with a possession or right; generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids; eliminate (substances) from the body; make (assets) available; prepare and issue for public distribution or sale; let (something) fall or spill a container; release, as from one's grip; grant freedom to; free from confinement; make (information) available publication

released - set free as from prison or duty

removed - separated in relationship by a given degree of descent; separate or apart in time; taken out of or separated from

Renal - of or relating to the kidneys

repair - the act of putting something in working order again; a formal way of referring to the condition of something; a frequently visited place; verb restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken; move, travel, or proceed toward some place; give new life or energy to; set straight or right; make amends for; pay compensation for

replacement - the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another; an event in which one thing is substituted for another; a person who follows next in order; someone who takes the place of another person; filling again by supplying what has been used up

reproduction - the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring; the act of making copies; recall that is hypothesized to work by storing the original stimulus input and reproducing it during recall; the process of generating offspring; copy that is not the original; something that has been copied

research - systematic investigation to establish facts; a search for knowledge; verb inquire into; attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner

resistance - the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; the military action of resisting the enemy's advance; group action in opposition to those in power; (psychiatry) an unwillingness to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness; the degree of unresponsiveness of a disease-causing microorganism to antibiotics or other drugs (as in penicillin-resistant bacteria); any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion; an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current; a secret group organized to overthrow a government or occupation force; a material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms; (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease

resistant - impervious to being affected; incapable of absorbing or mixing with; disposed to or engaged in defiance of established authority; relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection); able to tolerate environmental conditions or physiological stress

respiration - the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs; a single complete act of breathing in and out; the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

responsible - being the agent or cause; worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable; having an acceptable credit rating

restricted - the lowest level of official classification for documents; restricted in meaning; (as e.g. `man' in `a tall man'); subject to restriction or subjected to restriction; curbed or regulated

result - something that results; the semantic role of the phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause; a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; verb issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end; have as a result or residue

resulting - following as an effect or result

retina - the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve

returning - tending to be turned back; tending to return to an earlier state

rheumatoid - of or pertaining to arthritis

rickets - childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus

right - correct in opinion or judgment; (of the side of cloth or clothing) facing or intended to face outward; having the axis perpendicular to the base; intended for the right hand; of or belonging to the political or intellectual right; being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north; in conformance with justice or law or morality; in or into a satisfactory condition; appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs; free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth; most suitable or right for a particular purpose; socially right or correct; in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure; adv. exactly; immediately; an interjection expressing agreement; precisely, exactly; completely; toward or on the right; also used figuratively; (Southern regional intensive) very; in the right manner; in a correct manner; in accordance with moral or social standards; a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east; anything in accord with principles of justice; an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; the hand that is on the right side of the body; those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged; location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east; (frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing; the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right; verb regain an upright or proper position; put in or restore to an upright position; make reparations or amends for; make right or correct

rod-shaped - resembling a rod; formed like a bacillus

roentgen - German physicist who discovered x-rays and developed roentgenography (1845-1923); a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

Roughage - coarse food high in fiber but low in nutrients; its bulk stimulates peristalsis

rounding - (mathematics) a miscalculation that results from rounding off numbers to a convenient number of decimals

Saline - containing salt; an isotonic solution of sodium chloride and distilled water

Saliva - a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches

salivary - of or relating to saliva

saturated - (of color) being chromatically pure; not diluted with white or grey or black; used especially of organic compounds; having all available valence bonds filled; being the most concentrated solution possible at a given temperature; unable to dissolve still more of a substance; wet through and through; thoroughly wet

Sclerosis - any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue

Screening - testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics; fabric of metal or plastic mesh; the display of a motion picture; the act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it

seasoned - rendered competent through trial and experience; aged or processed

second - having the second highest gear ratio; coming next after first; a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first; coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude; adv. in the second place; a speech seconding a motion; the official attendant of a contestant in a duel or boxing match; a 60th part of a minute of arc; following the first in an ordering or series; 1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the second of the bases in the infield; merchandise that has imperfections; usually sold at a reduced price without the brand name; the gear that has the second lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; a particular point in time; an indefinitely short time; verb transfer an employee to a different, temporary assignment; give support or one's approval to

secondary - belonging to a lower class or rank; not of major importance; being of second rank or importance or value; not direct or immediate; depending on or incidental to what is original or primary; inferior in rank or status; the defensive football players who line up behind the linemen; coil such that current is induced in it by passing a current through the primary coil

secrete - verb generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids; place out of sight; keep secret

secretion - a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell; the organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance

Sedentary - requiring sitting or little activity

seminal - pertaining to or containing or consisting of semen; containing seeds of later development

semisolid - partly solid; having a rigidity and viscosity intermediate between a solid and a liquid

sensation - an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation; a general feeling of excitement and heightened interest; a state of widespread public excitement and interest; the faculty through which the external world is apprehended; someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field

sense - the faculty through which the external world is apprehended; a general conscious awareness; a natural appreciation or ability; the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted; sound practical judgment; verb comprehend; become aware of not through the senses but instinctively; detect some circumstance or entity automatically; perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles

Sepsis - the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues

serious - requiring effort or concentration; complex and not easy to answer or solve; of great consequence; concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities; causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm; appealing to the mind; completely lacking in playfulness

several - distinct and individual; (used with count s) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many; considered individually

shedding - the process whereby something is shed; loss of bits of outer skin by peeling or shedding or coming off in scales

shelf - a support that consists of a horizontal surface for holding objects; a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

short - tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening; (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length; primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration; not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices; lacking foresight or scope; low in stature; not tall; marked by rude or peremptory shortness; (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range; not sufficient to meet a need; less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so; adv. at a disadvantage; so as to interrupt; at some point or distance before a goal is reached; clean across; without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold; quickly and without warning; in a curt, abrupt and discourteous manner; the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed; the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between second and third base; accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference; verb create a short circuit in; cheat someone by not returning him enough money

similar - marked by correspondence or resemblance; (of words) expressing closely related meanings; resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; having the same or similar characteristics; capable of replacing or changing places with something else; permitting mutual substitution without loss of function or suitability

simple - unornamented; (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions; having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved; easy and not involved or complicated; apart from anything else; without additions or modifications; lacking mental capacity and devoid of subtlety; exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity; any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties; a person lacking intelligence or common sense

Single-celled - having a single cell (and thus not divided into cells)

situation - a condition or position in which you find yourself; the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; a complex or critical or unusual difficulty; a job in an organization; physical position in relation to the surroundings

skeleton - the internal supporting structure that gives an artifact its shape; a scandal that is kept secret; something reduced to its minimal form; the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal

Small - limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope; have fine or very small constituent particles; made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth); limited in size or scope; (of a voice) faint; lowercase; not large but sufficient in size or amount; (of children and animals) young, immature; low or inferior in station or quality; adv. on a small scale; a garment size for a small person; the slender part of the back

smell - the act of perceiving the odor of something; the faculty that enables us to distinguish scents; the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form; any property detected by the olfactory system; the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people; verb emit an odor; smell bad; inhale the odor of; perceive by the olfactory sense

sodium - a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)

solidify - verb become solid; make solid or more solid; cause to solidify

solution - the successful action of solving a problem; a method for solving a problem; a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; the set of values that give a true statement when substituted into an equation; a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution

sometimes - adv. on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

spasm - (pathology) sudden constriction of a hollow organ (as a blood vessel); a painful and involuntary muscular contraction

specific - stated explicitly or in detail; (sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique; being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides; relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species; a medicine that has a mitigating effect on a specific disease; a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

spine - a sharp rigid animal process or appendage; as a porcupine quill or a ridge on a bone or a ray of a fish fin; the part of a book's cover that encloses the inner side of the book's pages and that faces outward when the book is shelved; a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf; the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; any sharply pointed projection

Spleen - a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses; a feeling of resentful anger

spread - prepared or arranged for a meal; especially having food set out; distributed or spread over a considerable extent; fully extended in width; act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time; the expansion of a person's girth (especially at middle age); two facing pages of a book or other publication; process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space; a tasty mixture to be spread on bread or crackers; decorative cover for a bed; farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle); a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures; a haphazard distribution in all directions; a meal that is well prepared and greatly enjoyed; verb distribute or disperse widely; become distributed or widespread; distribute over a surface in a layer; cover by spreading something over; strew or distribute over an area; spread across or over; cause to become widely known; become widely known and passed on; spread out or open from a closed or folded state; move outward

Spreading - spreading by diffusion; act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time; the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate; process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

stalk - a stiff or threatening gait; the act of following prey stealthily; a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush; a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ; material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds; verb walk stiffly; go through (an area) in search of prey; follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to

standing - having a supporting base; (of persons) on the feet; having the torso in an erect position supported by straight legs; executed in or initiated from a standing position; (of fluids) not moving or flowing; not created for a particular occasion; permanent; the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position; an ordered listing of scores or results showing the relative positions of competitors (individuals or teams) in a sporting event; social or financial or professional status or reputation

starch - a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles; verb stiffen with starch

starvation - the act of depriving of food or subjecting to famine; a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

state - the way something is with respect to its main attributes; a politically organized body of people under a single government; the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state; the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; a state of depression or agitation; the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies; the territory occupied by a nation; (chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container); verb express in words; put before; indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.

Stenosis - abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway

Sterilization - the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria or other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means); the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)

stimulant - that stimulates; a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process; any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

stomach - an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion; an appetite for food; an inclination or liking for things involving conflict or difficulty or unpleasantness; the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis; verb bear to eat; put up with something or somebody unpleasant

stool - a simple seat without a back or arms; (forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings; a plumbing fixture for defecation and urination; solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels; verb have a bowel movement; grow shoots in the form of stools or tillers; react to a decoy, of wildfowl; lure with a stool, as of wild fowl

storage - the act of storing something; the commercial enterprise of storing goods and materials; (computer science) the process of storing information in a computer memory or on a magnetic tape or disk; depositing in a warehouse; an electronic memory device; a depository for goods

Stored - accumulated until needed

Stroke - a light touch with the hands; a single complete movement; (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand; any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing; a mark made by a writing implement (as in cursive writing); a light touch; the oarsman nearest the stern of the shell who sets the pace for the rest of the crew; a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain; a punctuation mark (/) used to separate related items of information; the maximum movement available to a pivoted or reciprocating piece by a cam; verb treat gingerly or carefully; strike a ball with a smooth blow; row at a particular rate; touch lightly and with affection, with brushing motions

structural - concerned with systematic structure in a particular field of study; affecting or involved in structure or construction; relating to or having or characterized by structure; relating to or caused by structure, especially political or economic structure; relating to or concerned with the morphology of plants and animals; pertaining to geological structure

Structure - a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts; a particular complex anatomical part; the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships; verb give a structure to

study - a room used for reading and writing and studying; a state of deep mental absorption; applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique; someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); a detailed critical inspection; preliminary drawing for later elaboration; attentive consideration and meditation; a branch of knowledge; a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; verb learn by reading books; be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning; think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; give careful consideration to; be a student of a certain subject; consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

subcutaneous - relating to or located below the epidermis

Substance - that which has mass and occupies space; the stuff of which an object consists; the idea that is intended; the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience; what a communication that is about something is about; considerable capital (wealth or income)

Sucrose - a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent

sufficient - of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

Suffix - an affix that is added at the end of the word; verb attach a suffix to

sugar - a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative; informal terms for money; an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain; verb sweeten with sugar

sugarcane - tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar; juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice

supply - offering goods and services for sale; an amount of something available for use; the activity of supplying or providing something; verb provide or furnish with; state or say further; provide what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; circulate or distribute or equip with

surface - on the surface; involving a surface only; the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; a superficial aspect as opposed to the real nature of something; the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; the outermost level of the land or sea; a device that provides reactive force when in motion relative to the surrounding air; can lift or control a plane in flight; information that has become public; verb come to the surface; appear or become visible; make a showing; put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface

surgical - performed with great precision; relating to or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery especially as opposed to medicine; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery

surrounding - closely encircling

Swelling - abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement; the swelling of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)

Swollen - abnormally expanded or increased in size; (`swollen' is sometimes used in combination); abnormally distended especially by fluids or gas; overfull with water; characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

symptom - anything that accompanies X and is regarded as an indication of X's existence; (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease

syndrome - a complex of concurrent things; a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease

synthetic - of a proposition whose truth value is determined by observation or facts; systematic combining of root and modifying elements into single words; involving or of the nature of synthesis (combining separate elements to form a coherent whole) as opposed to analysis; not genuine or natural; artificial as if portrayed in a film; not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially; a compound made artificially by chemical reactions

syrup - a thick sweet sticky liquid

system - instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; (physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized; an organized structure for arranging or classifying

Systemic - affecting an entire system

Systole - the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery

Systolic - of or relating to a systole or happing during a systole

taken - be affected with an indisposition; having possession gained especially by force or effort; understood in a certain way; made sense of

teaspoon - a small spoon used for stirring tea or coffee; holds about one fluid dram; as much as a teaspoon will hold

teeth - the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal

temperature - the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity); the somatic sensation of cold or heat

Temporary - lacking continuity or regularity; not permanent; not lasting; a worker (especially in an office) hired on a temporary basis

tenderness - a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling; warm compassionate feelings; a pain that is felt (as when the area is touched); a feeling of concern for the welfare of someone (especially someone defenseless); a positive feeling of liking

therapy - (medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.)

there - adv. in or at that place; to or toward that place; away from the speaker; in that matter; a location other than here; that place

thick - abounding; having a lot of; (of darkness) very intense; not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions; relatively dense in consistency; used informally; (used informally) associated on close terms; having component parts closely crowded together; heavy and compact in form or stature; spoken as if with a thick tongue; hard to pass through because of dense growth; adv. in quick succession; with a thick consistency; the location of something surrounded by other things

thickening - becoming more intricate or complex; accumulating and becoming more intense; the act of thickening; any material used to thicken; any thickened enlargement

things - any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

thirst - a physiological need to drink; strong desire for something (not food or drink); verb feel the need to drink; have a craving, appetite, or great desire for

Thoracic - of or relating to the chest or thorax

thorax - part of an insect's body that bears the wings and legs; the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates; the middle region of the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen

thought - the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual; the process of using your mind to consider something carefully; the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

throat - a passage resembling a throat in shape or function; an opening in the vamp of a shoe at the instep; the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

through - (of a route or journey etc.) continuing without requiring stops or changes; having finished or arrived at completion; adv. throughout the entire extent; over the whole distance; in diameter; from beginning to end; to completion

thyroid - suggestive of a thyroid disorder; of or relating to the thyroid gland; located near the base of the neck

Thyroxine - hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells

tissue - part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function; a soft thin (usually translucent) paper; verb create a piece of cloth by interlacing strands of fabric, such as wool or cotton

together - mentally and emotionally stable; adv. at the same time; with cooperation and interchange; in contact with each other; assembled in one place; in each other's company; with a common plan; in conjunction with; combined

tooth - a means of enforcement; toothlike structure in invertebrates found in the mouth or alimentary canal or on a shell; something resembling the tooth of an animal; one of a number of uniform projections on a gear; hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense

Toxin - a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species

tract - a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose; a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet; an extended area of land; a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain

trademark - a formally registered symbol identifying the manufacturer or distributor of a product; a distinctive characteristic or attribute

transfer - the act of transfering something from one form to another; transferring ownership; application of a skill learned in one situation to a different but similar situation; a ticket that allows a passenger to change conveyances; someone who transfers or is transferred from one position to another; the act of moving something from one location to another; verb transfer from one place or period to another; move around; change from one vehicle or transportation line to another; cause to change ownership; move from one place to another; transfer somebody to a different position or location of work; send from one person or place to another; lift and reset in another soil or situation; shift the position or location of, as for business, legal, educational, or military purposes

transformed - given a completely different form or appearance

Transient - of a mental act; causing effects outside the mind; lasting a very short time; (physics) a short-lived oscillation in a system caused by a sudden change of voltage or current or load; one who stays for only a short time

transmission - the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted; the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle; communication by means of transmitted signals; an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted; the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance

transmit - verb send from one person or place to another; broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; transmit or serve as the medium for transmission; transfer to another

Transplantation - the act of removing something from one location and introducing it in another location; an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient)

Trauma - an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects; any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

treat - an occurrence that causes special pleasure or delight; something considered choice to eat; verb provide treatment for; regard or consider in a specific way; engage in negotiations in order to reach an agreement; provide with a gift or entertainment; interact in a certain way; subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression; provide with choice or abundant food or drink

Treatment - care by procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury; the management of someone or something; a manner of dealing with something artistically; an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

triglyceride - glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body

tumor - an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose

Ulcer - a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue

Ulcerative - of or relating to or characterized by ulceration

unchanged - not made or become different; remaining in an original state

uncommon - not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind; marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind

uncontrollably - adv. in an uncontrolled manner

under - lower in rank, power, or authority; located below or beneath something else; adv. further down; down below; below the horizon; below some quantity or limit; in or into a state of subordination or subjugation; down to defeat, death, or ruin; into unconsciousness; through a range downward

Undesirable - not desirable; not worthy of being chosen (especially as a spouse); one whose presence is undesirable

undigested - not digested; not thought over and arranged systematically in the mind; not absorbed or assimilated mentally

unknown - not known; not known to exist; being or having an unknown or unnamed source; not known before; not famous or acclaimed; a variable whose values are solutions of an equation; an unknown and unexplored region; anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

unpleasant - disagreeable to the senses, to the mind, or feelings

unsaturated - (of color) not chromatically pure; diluted; used of a compound (especially of carbon) containing atoms sharing more than one valence bond; not saturated; capable of dissolving more of a substance at a given temperature

upper - higher in place or position; superior in rank or accomplishment; the topmost one of two; piece of leather or synthetic material that forms the part of a shoe or boot above the sole that encases the foot; a central nervous system stimulant that increases energy and decreases appetite; used to treat narcolepsy and some forms of depression; the higher of two berths

urethra - duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct

urge - a strong restless desire; an instinctive motive; verb force or impel in an indicated direction; urge on or encourage especially by shouts; push for something

uric - in or relating to or obtained from urine

urine - liquid excretory product

used - employed in accomplishing something; previously used or owned by another; of persons; taken advantage of

usually - adv. under normal conditions

uterine - of or involving the uterus

uterus - a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females; contains the developing fetus

various - considered individually; of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity; distinctly dissimilar or unlike; having great diversity or variety

Vascular - of or relating to or having vessels that conduct and circulate fluids

vein - one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect; a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; a distinctive style or manner; a layer of ore between layers of rock; any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ; verb make a veinlike pattern

vena - a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart

Venous - of or contained in or performing the function of the veins

vessel - a craft designed for water transportation; an object used as a container (especially for liquids); a tube in which a body fluid circulates

viewing - a vigil held over a corpse the night before burial; the display of a motion picture

vigorous - characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity; strong and active physically or mentally

viral - relating to or caused by a virus

virus - (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein; a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; a harmful or corrupting agency

Vital - manifesting or characteristic of life; performing an essential function in the living body; full of spirit; urgently needed; absolutely necessary

vitamin - any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism

Vomit - the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth; the matter ejected in vomiting; a medicine that induces nausea and vomiting; verb eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth

vomiting - the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth

walk - the act of traveling by foot; the act of walking somewhere; a slow gait of a horse in which two feet are always on the ground; a path set aside for walking; manner of walking; (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls; careers in general; verb obtain a base on balls; give a base on balls to; take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure; use one's feet to advance; advance by steps; make walk; accompany or escort; traverse or cover by walking; walk at a pace; be or act in association with; live or behave in a specified manner

waste - located in a dismal or remote area; desolate; useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly; (law) reduction in the value of an estate caused by act or neglect; any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; the trait of wasting resources; an uninhabited wilderness that is worthless for cultivation; verb waste away; cause to grow thin or weak; use inefficiently or inappropriately; run off as waste; get rid of; spend thoughtlessly; throw away; devastate or ravage; lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief; spend extravagantly; get rid of (someone who may be a threat) by killing

Wasting - a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse; any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease

water - a fluid necessary for the life of most animals and plants; binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent; once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles); a facility that provides a source of water; the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); liquid excretory product; verb secrete or form water, as tears or saliva; supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; fill with tears; provide with water

water-soluble - soluble in water

wavelength - the distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave; a shared orientation leading to mutual understanding

weak - deficient in intelligence or mental power; likely to fail under stress or pressure; not having authority, political strength, or governing power; (used of verbs) having standard (or regular) inflection; deficient or lacking in some skill; having little physical or spiritual strength; tending downward in price; overly diluted; thin and insipid; having the attributes of man as opposed to e.g. divine beings; deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc; lacking physical strength or vitality; used of vowels or syllables; proced with little or no stress

weakness - the property of lacking physical or mental strength; liability to failure under pressure or stress or strain; a penchant for something even though it might not be good for you; the condition of being financially weak; powerlessness revealed by an inability to act; a flaw or weak point

weight - an artifact that is heavy; sports equipment used in calisthenic exercises and weightlifting; it is not attached to anything and is raised and lowered by use of the hands and arms; the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity; the relative importance granted to something; an oppressive feeling of heavy force; (statistics) a coefficient assigned to elements of a frequency distribution in order to represent their relative importance; a unit used to measure weight; a system of units used to express the weight of something; verb present with a bias; weight down with a load

wheat - grains of common wheat; sometimes cooked whole or cracked as cereal; usually ground into flour; annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains

widely - adv. to a great degree; so as to leave much space or distance between; to or over a great extent or range; far

widespread - widely circulated or diffused; distributed over a considerable extent

within - adv. on the inside

wound - put in a coil; the act of inflicting a wound; a casualty to military personnel resulting from combat; a figurative injury (to your feelings or pride); any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision; verb cause injuries or bodily harm to; hurt the feelings of

x-ray - a radiogram made by exposing photographic film to X rays; used in medical diagnosis; electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target; verb take an x-ray of something or somebody; examine by taking x-rays