Diethylbarbituric acid

Diethylbarbituric acid is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of barbiturates. It is also known by its systematic name, 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid, and is commonly referred to as Veronal or Barbital in the pharmaceutical industry.

History

Diethylbarbituric acid was first synthesized in 1903 by German chemists Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering. They discovered its sedative properties and it was subsequently marketed as Veronal by the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. It was one of the first commercially available barbiturates and was widely used as a sleeping aid until the mid-20th century.

Chemistry

Diethylbarbituric acid is a white, crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water. It has a molecular formula of C8H12N2O3 and a molecular weight of 184.19 g/mol. The compound is a derivative of barbituric acid, with two ethyl groups attached to the carbon atoms at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring.

Pharmacology

As a barbiturate, diethylbarbituric acid acts as a central nervous system depressant, producing effects ranging from mild sedation to total anesthesia. It works by enhancing the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA_A receptor, resulting in a decrease in nerve activity.

Medical use

Diethylbarbituric acid was primarily used as a sedative and hypnotic drug. However, due to its potential for abuse and the development of tolerance, it has largely been replaced by safer and more effective drugs, such as benzodiazepines.

Side effects and risks

The use of diethylbarbituric acid carries a risk of physical and psychological dependence. Overdose can lead to respiratory depression, coma, and death. Chronic use can result in a syndrome of withdrawal upon cessation, characterized by restlessness, insomnia, and anxiety.

See also

• Barbiturate dependence
• Barbiturate overdose
• Barbiturate withdrawal syndrome