4-Fluoroamphetamine

4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant effects, and is related in structure to amphetamine, differing only in the substitution of a single atom.

Chemistry

4-Fluoroamphetamine is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine family. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at Rα. 4-FA is substituted at R4 of its phenyl ring with a fluorine atom.

Pharmacology

The primary mechanism of action of 4-FA effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmitters in higher doses in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating, euphoric and entactogenic effects.

Effects

The effects of 4-FA are usually compared to those of amphetamine and MDMA (ecstasy). The drug is noted for its ability to produce stimulant effects while also providing empathogenic effects similar to MDMA.

Legal Status

The legal status of 4-FA varies around the world. It is illegal in many countries, but remains legal in some places. It is important to check the legal status in your jurisdiction before possessing or distributing this substance.

Health Risks

As with any psychoactive substance, it is crucial to take harm reduction practices if choosing to use this substance. 4-FA is a relatively new substance, and little is known about its long-term effects or addiction potential.

See Also

• Amphetamine
• MDMA
• Psychoactive drug
• Phenethylamine