Hazardous Materials

Any material that is flammable, corrosive, an oxidizing agent, explosive, toxic, poisonous, etiological, radioactive, nuclear, unduly magnetic, a chemical agent, biological research material, compressed gases, or any other material that, because of its quantity, properties, or packaging, may endanger human life or property.

Glossary

• Acacia -  any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia

• Acetal -  any organic compound formed by adding alcohol molecules to aldehyde molecules

• Acetaldehyde -  a colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugs

• Acetaldol -  unsaturated aldol

• Acetamide -  a colorless solid amide of acetic acid used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds

• Acetaminophen -  an analgesic for mild pain; also used as an antipyretic; (Datril, Tylenol, Panadol, Phenaphen, Tempra, and Anacin III are trademarks of brands of acetaminophen tablets)

• Acetanilide -  a white crystalline compound used as an analgesic and also as an antipyretic

• acetate -  a salt or ester of acetic acid; a fabric made from fibers of cellulose acetate

• Acetic acid -  a colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticals

• Acetic anhydride -  a compound that is needed in order to refine opium into heroin

• Acetone -  the simplest ketone; a highly inflammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent and as material for making plastics

• Acetyl chloride -  colorless liquid acyl chloride (CH3COCl) that has a pungent odor

• Acetylene -  a colorless flammable gas used chiefly in welding and in organic synthesis

• Acetylsalicylic acid -  the acetylated derivative of salicylic acid; used as an analgesic anti-inflammatory drug (trade names Bayer and Empirin) usually taken in tablet form; used as an antipyretic; slows clotting of the blood by poisoning platelets

• Acrolein -  a pungent colorless unsaturated liquid aldehyde made from propene

• Acrylamide -  a white crystalline amide of propenoic acid can damage the nervous system and is carcinogenic in laboratory animals

• Acrylic acid -  an unsaturated liquid carboxylic acid used in the manufacture of acrylic resins

• Acrylonitrile -  a colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene

• Activated charcoal -  powdered or granular carbon used for purifying by adsorption; given orally (as a slurry) it is an antidote for some kinds of poisons

• Acyclovir -  an oral antiviral drug (trade name Zovirax) used to treat genital herpes; does not cure the disease but relieves the symptoms

• Adenosine -  (biochemistry) a nucleoside that is a structural component of nucleic acids; it is present in all living cells in a combined form as a constituent of DNA and RNA and ADP and ATP and AMP

• Adenosine -  (biochemistry) a nucleoside that is a structural component of nucleic acids; it is present in all living cells in a combined form as a constituent of DNA and RNA and ADP and ATP and AMP

• Adipic acid -  a carboxylic acid used in the manufacture of nylon

• Agar-agar -  a colloidal extract of algae; used especially in culture media and as a gelling agent in foods

• Albuterol -  a bronchodilator (trade names Ventolin or Proventil) used for asthma and emphysema and other lung conditions; available in oral or inhalant forms; side effects are tachycardia and shakiness

• Algin -  a gum used especially as a thickener or emulsifier

• Alginic acid -  a gum used especially as a thickener or emulsifier

• Allopurinol -  a drug (trade name Zyloprim) used to treat gout and other conditions in which there is an excessive buildup of uric acid

• Allyl alcohol -  an unsaturated primary alcohol present in wood spirit; use to make resins and plasticizers and pharmaceuticals

• Almond oil -  pale yellow fatty oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds

• alpha -  early testing stage of a software or hardware product; first in order of importance;  the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet; the beginning of a series or sequence

• Alprazolam -  an antianxiety agent (trade name Xanax) of the benzodiazepine class

• Aluminium -  a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite

• aluminum -  a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite

• Aluminum chloride -  a chloride used as a wood preservative or catalyst

• Aluminum hydroxide -  white crystalline compound that occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite

• Aluminum oxide -  any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum

• Amaranth -  any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food; seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America

• amide -  any organic compound containing the group -CONH2

• amine -  a compound derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms by univalent hydrocarbon radicals

• Aminophylline -  a theophylline derivative that is used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of bronchial asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis

• Aminopyrine -  a white crystalline substance used as an analgesic and antipyretic

• Amitriptyline -  a tricyclic antidepressant drug (trade name Elavil) with serious side effects; interacts with many other medications

• Ammonia -  a pungent gas compounded of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3); a water solution of ammonia

• Ammonium carbamate -  a salt of carbamic acid that is used as a nitrogen fertilizer

• Ammonium carbonate -  a carbonate of ammonium; used in the manufacture of smelling salts and baking powder and ammonium compounds

• Ammonium chloride -  a white salt used in dry cells

• Ammonium hydroxide -  a water solution of ammonia

• Ammonium nitrate -  used as an explosive and fertilizer and rocket propellant

• Amobarbital -  a barbiturate with sedative and hypnotic effects; used to relive insomnia and as an anticonvulsant

• Amoxicillin -  an antibiotic; a semisynthetic oral penicillin (trade names Amoxil and Larotid and Polymox and Trimox and Augmentin) used to treat bacterial infections

• Amphetamine -  a central nervous system stimulant that increases energy and decreases appetite; used to treat narcolepsy and some forms of depression

• Ampicillin -  semisynthetic penicillin (trade names Principen and Polycillin and SK-Ampicillin)

• Amygdalin -  a bitter cyanogenic glucoside extracted from the seeds of apricots and plums and bitter almonds

• Aniline -  oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines

• Antimony potassium tartrate -  a poisonous colorless salt used as a mordant and in medicine

• Antivenin -  an antitoxin that counteracts the effects of venom from the bite of a snake or insect or other animal

• Apomorphine -  a morphine derivative that is not as strong as morphine; used as an emetic and in small doses as a sedative

• Arsenic acid -  an acid formed from arsenic pentoxide

• Arsenic trioxide -  a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer

• Arsine -  a poisonous colorless flammable gas used in organic synthesis and to dope transistors and as a poison gas in warfare

• Asbestos -  a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer

• Asparagine -  a crystalline amino acid found in proteins and in many plants (e.g., asparagus)

• Aspartame -  an artificial sweetener made from aspartic acid; used as a calorie-free sweetener

• Asphalt -  a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons; mixed asphalt and crushed gravel or sand; used especially for paving but also for roofing; verb cover with tar or asphalt

• Atenolol -  an oral beta blocker (trade name Tenormin) used in treating hypertension and angina; has adverse side effects (depression and exacerbation of congestive heart failure etc.)

• Atorvastatin -  an oral drug (trade name Lipitor) that is effective in lowering triglycerides; potent in reducing LDL cholesterol because higher doses can be given

• Atrazine -  a synthetic compound derived from triazine that is widely used as an agricultural herbicide

• Atropine -  a poisonous crystalline alkaloid extracted from the nightshade family; used as an antispasmodic and to dilate the eye pupil; also administered in large amounts as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agents or organophosphate insecticides

• Azadirachtin -  insecticide

• Azathioprine -  an immunosuppressive drug (trade name Imuran) used to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ

• Bacillus subtilis -  a species of bacillus found in soil and decomposing organic matter; some strains produce antibiotics

• Bacitracin -  a polypeptide antibiotic of known chemical structure effective against several types of Gram-positive organisms; usually applied locally

• Barium hydroxide -  white poisonous crystals; made by dissolving barium oxide in water

• Barium peroxide -  a white toxic powder obtained by heating barium oxide in air

• Barium sulfate -  a white insoluble radiopaque powder used as a pigment

• battery -  an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact; a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series; a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing ores; a collection of related things intended for use together; a unit composed of the pitcher and catcher; group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place; the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target

• Bentonite -  an absorbent aluminum silicate clay formed from volcanic ash

• Benzene -  a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds

• Benzene -  a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds

• Benzocaine -  a white crystalline ester used as a local anesthetic

• Benzofuran -  a colorless oily compound extracted from coal tar and used in manufacturing synthetic resins

• Benzoic acid -  a white crystalline solid occurring in many resins

• Benzoic acid -  a white crystalline solid occurring in many resins

• Benzoin -  used in some classifications for the American spicebush and certain other plants often included in the genus Lindera; gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation

• Beryl -  the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems

• Beta-carotene -  an isomer of carotene that is found in dark green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables

• Betaine -  a sweet tasting alkaloid that occurs in sugar beets

• Biotin -  a B vitamin that aids in body growth

• Bold -  fearless and daring; clear and distinct; very steep; having a prominent and almost vertical front;  a typeface with thick heavy lines

• borate -  a salt or ester of boric acid

• Borax -  an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent

• Boric acid -  any of various acids containing boron and oxygen; a white or colorless slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used as an antiseptic and food preservative

• Boron trifluoride -  a pungent colorless gas

• bovine -  dull and slow-moving and stolid; like an ox; of or relating to or belonging to the genus Bos (cattle);  any of various members of the genus Bos

• brand -  a recognizable kind; identification mark on skin, made by burning; a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning; a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard; a symbol of disgrace or infamy; a name given to a product or service; verb burn with a branding iron to indicate ownership; of animals; mark or expose as infamous; to accuse or condemn or openly or formally or brand as disgraceful

• bromide -  any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generally replaced by safer drugs; a trite or obvious remark

• Bromine -  a nonmetallic largely pentavalent heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water

• Bromoform -  colorless liquid haloform CHBr3

• Bromophenol blue -  a dye used as an acid-base indicator

• Brucine -  a bitter alkaloid poison resembling strychnine and extracted from nux vomica

• butadiene -  a gaseous hydrocarbon C4H6; used in making synthetic rubbers

• butene -  any of three isomeric hydrocarbons C4H8; all used in making synthetic rubbers

• Butyl -  a hydrocarbon radical (C4H9)

• Butylate - verb introduce the butyl group into a chemical compound

• Butylene -  any of three isomeric hydrocarbons C4H8; all used in making synthetic rubbers

• butyric acid -  an unpleasant smelling fatty acid found especially in butter

• Cadaverine -  a colorless toxic ptomaine with an unpleasant odor formed during the putrefaction of animal tissue

• Cadmium -  a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores

• Cadmium sulfide -  a yellow sulfide used chiefly as a pigment

• Caffeine -  a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects

• Calcitonin -  thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone

• Calcium carbide -  a grey salt of calcium (CaC) used in making acetylene

• Calcium carbonate -  a salt found in nature as chalk or calcite or aragonite or limestone

• Calcium chloride -  a deliquescent salt; used in de-icing and as a drying agent

• Calcium-cyanamide -  a compound used as a fertilizer and as a source of nitrogen compounds

• Calcium hydride -  a saltlike binary compound (CaH2) used as a reducing agent and source of hydrogen

• Calcium hydroxide -  a caustic substance produced by heating limestone

• Calcium hypochlorite -  any hypochlorite of calcium; used as a bleaching agent

• Calcium lactate -  a white crystalline salt made by the action of lactic acid on calcium carbonate; used in foods (as a baking powder) and given medically as a source of calcium

• Calcium nitrate -  a deliquescent salt that is soluble in water; sometimes used as a source of nitrogen in fertilizers

• Calcium oxide -  a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide

• Calcium stearate -  an insoluble calcium salt of stearic acid and palmitic acid; it is formed when soap is mixed with water that contains calcium ions and is the scum produced in regions of hard water

• Calcium sulfate -  a white salt (CaSO4)

• Camphor -  a resin obtained from the camphor tree; used in making celluloid and liniment

• Canola oil -  vegetable oil made from rapeseed

• Capsaicin -  colorless pungent crystalline compound derived from capsicum; source of the hotness of hot peppers of the genus Capsicum such as chili and cayenne and jalapeno

• Captopril -  a drug (trade name Capoten) that blocks the formation of angiotensin in the kidneys resulting in vasodilation; used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure

• carbamate -  a salt (or ester) of carbamic acid

• Carbamic acid -  an acid that is known only by virtue of its salts (as ammonium carbamate) or its esters (as urethane)

• Carbon -  a copy made with carbon paper; an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds; a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper

• Carbon black -  a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink

• Carbon dioxide -  a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis

• Carbon disulfide -  a toxic colorless flammable liquid (CS2); used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane and carbon tetrachloride and as a solvent for rubber

• Carbon monoxide -  an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

• Carbon tetrachloride -  a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined

• carbonate -  a salt or ester of carbonic acid (containing the anion CO3); verb treat with carbon dioxide; turn into a carbonate

• Carvedilol -  beta blocker that can reduce the progression of heart failure in individuals whose disease is not advanced

• Castor oil -  a purgative extracted from the seed of the castor plant; used in paint and varnish as well as medically

• Celecoxib -  a Cox-2 inhibitor (trade name Celebrex) that relieves pain without harming the digestive tract

• Cellulose acetate -  an ester of acetic acid; used in fibers and fabrics; photographic films and varnishes

• Cephalexin -  an oral cephalosporin (trade names Keflex and Keflin and Keftab) commonly prescribe for mild to moderately severe infections of the skin or ears or throat or lungs or urinary tract

• Cephaloglycin -  antibiotic related to cephalosporin but no longer in common use

• Cephaloridine -  a broad spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic produced by modifying cephalosporin

• Cephalothin -  a semisynthetic analogue of cephalosporin

• Cerivastatin -  an oral drug (trade name Baycol) to reduce blood cholesterol levels

• Cheer -  a cry or shout of approval; the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom; verb show approval or good wishes by shouting; urge on or encourage especially by shouts; become cheerful; cause (somebody) to feel happier or more cheerful; give encouragement to

• Chloral hydrate -  a colorless crystalline drug used as a sedative; irritates the stomach and can be addictive

• Chlorambucil -  an alkalating agent (trade name Leukeran) used to treat some kinds of cancer

• Chloramine -  any of several compounds containing chlorine and nitrogen; used as an antiseptic in wounds

• Chloramine-t -  any of several compounds containing chlorine and nitrogen; used as an antiseptic in wounds

• Chloramphenicol -  an oral antibiotic (trade name Chloromycetin) used to treat serious infections (especially typhoid fever)

• Chlordiazepoxide -  a tranquilizer (trade names Librium and Libritabs) used in the treatment of alcoholism

• Chlorhexidine -  a long-lasting liquid antiseptic; used by surgeons to wash their hands before performing surgery

• chloride -  any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion); any compound containing a chlorine atom

• Chlorine -  a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)

• Chlorine dioxide -  an explosive gas (ClO2) used chiefly in bleaching paper or starch or soap or flour and in water purification

• Chlorobenzene -  a colorless volatile flammable liquid with an almond odor that is made from chlorine and benzene; used as a solvent and in the production of phenol and DDT and other organic compounds

• Chloroform -  a volatile liquid haloform (CHCl3); formerly used as an anesthetic; verb anesthetize with chloroform

• Chloropicrin -  a heavy colorless insoluble liquid compound that causes tears and vomiting; used as a pesticide and as tear gas

• Chloroquine -  an antimalarial drug used to treat malaria and amebic dysentery and systemic lupus erythematosus

• Chlorothiazide -  a diuretic drug (trade name Diuril) used in the treatment of edema and hypertension

• Chlorpromazine -  a drug (trade name Thorazine) derived from phenothiazine that has antipsychotic effects and is used as a sedative and tranquilizer

• Chlorpyrifos -  a common organophosphate insecticide

• Chlorthalidone -  a diuretic (trade names Hygroton and Thalidone) used to control hypertension and conditions that cause edema; effective in lowering blood pressure to prevent heart attacks

• Cholesterol -  an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues

• Cholic acid -  an insoluble crystalline acid present in bile

• chromate -  any salt or ester of chromic acid

• Chromic acid -  an unstable acid known only in solution and as chromate salts

• Chromite -  a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium

• Chromium -  a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing

• Chromium -  a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing

• Cimetidine -  a drug (trade name Tagamet) used to treat peptic ulcers by decreasing the secretion of stomach acid

• Ciprofloxacin -  an oral antibiotic (trade name Cipro) used against serious bacterial infections of the skin or respiratory tract or urinary tract or bones or joints

• Citric acid -  a weak water-soluble acid found in many fruits (especially citrus fruits); used as a flavoring agent

• Clioquinol -  drug used to treat certain fungal infection (as athlete's foot)

• Clofibrate -  a drug (trade name Atromid-S) that reduces lipids in the blood serum; used to treat some cardiovascular diseases

• Clomiphene -  a fertility drug (trade name Clomid) that is used to stimulate ovulation and that has been associated with multiple births

• Clomipramine -  a tricyclic antidepressant drug

• Clonidine -  an antihypertensive (trade name Catapres) that can be administered orally or via transdermal patches

• Clozapine -  an antipsychotic drug (trade name Clozaril) used as a sedative and for treatment-resistant schizophrenia; know to have few side effects

• Coal tar -  a tar formed from distillation of bituminous coal; coal tar can be further distilled to give various aromatic compounds

• Cobalt -  a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition

• Cobalt -  a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition

• Cocaine -  a narcotic (alkaloid) extracted from coca leaves; used as a surface anesthetic or taken for pleasure; can become powerfully addictive

• Coconut oil -  oil from coconuts

• Codeine -  derivative of opium; used as an antitussive (to relieve coughing) and an analgesic (to relive pain)

• Copper -  any of various small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae having coppery wings; a reddish-brown color resembling the color of polished copper; a copper penny; a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor; uncomplimentary terms for a policeman; verb coat with a layer of copper

• Copper -  any of various small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae having coppery wings; a reddish-brown color resembling the color of polished copper; a copper penny; a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor; uncomplimentary terms for a policeman; verb coat with a layer of copper

• Corn oil -  oil from the germs of corn grains

• Corticotropin -  a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex

• Cottonseed oil -  edible oil pressed from cottonseeds

• Creatine -  an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates both in the free form and as phosphocreatine; supplies energy for muscle contraction

• Cresol -  any of three poisonous colorless isomeric phenols; derived from coal or wood tar; used as a disinfectant

• Crude oil -  a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons

• Cyanamide -  a weak soluble dibasic acid (the parent acid of cyanamide salts); a compound used as a fertilizer and as a source of nitrogen compounds

• cyanide -  an extremely poisonous salt of hydrocyanic acid; any of a class of organic compounds containing the cyano radical -CN

• Cyanocobalamin -  a B vitamin that is used to treat pernicious anemia

• Cyanogen -  a colorless toxic gas with a pungent almond odor; has been used in chemical warfare

• Cyanuric acid -  a trimer of cyanic acid

• Cyclobenzaprine -  muscle relaxant (trade name Flexeril) used for muscle spasms or acute injury

• Cyclohexanol -  a colorless oily alcohol that smells like camphor

• Cyclopropane -  a colorless flammable gas sometimes used as an inhalation anesthetic

• Cycloserine -  an antibiotic that is especially active against the tubercle bacillus

• Cyproheptadine -  an antihistamine (trade name Periactin) used to treat some allergic reactions

• Cysteine -  an amino acid containing sulfur that is found in most proteins; oxidizes on exposure to air to form cystine

• Dash -  a quick run; the act of moving with great haste; distinctive and stylish elegance; the longer of the two telegraphic signals used in Morse code; a footrace run at top speed; a punctuation mark (-) used between parts of a compound word or between the syllables of a word when the word is divided at the end of a line of text; verb add an enlivening or altering element to; destroy or break; break into pieces, as by striking or knocking over; hurl or thrust violently; cause to lose courage; run or move very quickly or hastily

• Detergent -  having cleansing power;  a cleansing agent that differs from soap but can also emulsify oils and hold dirt in suspension; a surface-active chemical widely used in industry and laundering

• diamine -  any organic compound containing two amino groups

• Directive -  showing the way by conducting or leading; imposing direction on;  a procement encouraging or banning some activity

• Dishwasher detergent -  a low-sudsing detergent designed for use in dishwashers

• elemental -  relating to or being an element; relating to severe atmospheric conditions; of or being the essential or basic part

• Enalapril -  an ACE inhibitor (trade name Vasotec) that blocks the formation of angiotensin in the kidney and so results in vasodilation; administered after heart attacks

• Enflurane -  a nonflammable liquid (trade name Ethrane) used as an inhalation general anesthetic

• Epinephrine -  a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action

• epoxy -  a thermosetting resin; used chiefly in strong adhesives and coatings and laminates; verb glue with epoxy

• Ergonovine -  an alkaloid derived from ergot (trade name Ergotrate Maleate) that is less toxic than ergot; induces muscular contraction of the uterus and is administered after childbirth or abortion

• Ergosterol -  a plant sterol that is converted into vitamin D by ultraviolet radiation

• Ergotamine -  an alkaloid derived from ergot that is less toxic than ergot; causes constriction of blood vessels and is used to treat migraine

• Erythromycin -  an antibiotic (trade name Erythrocin or E-Mycin or Ethril or Ilosone or Pediamycin) obtained from the actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus; effective against many Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative

• ester -  formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water

• Estradiol -  the most powerful female hormone that occurs naturally; synthesized and used to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer

• Estriol -  a naturally occurring estrogenic hormone; a synthetic form is used to treat estrogen deficiency

• Estrone -  a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency

• Etanercept -  a genetically engineered anti-TNF compound (trade name Enbrel) consisting of receptors that bind TNF; it is injected twice a week in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

• Ethacrynic acid -  diuretic (trade name Edecrin) used to treat edema

• Ethane -  a colorless odorless alkane gas used as fuel

• Ethanol -  the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline

• Ethanol -  the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline

• Ethchlorvynol -  a mild sedative-hypnotic drug (trade name Placidyl)

• ether -  a colorless volatile highly inflammable liquid formerly used as an inhalation anesthetic; a medium that was once supposed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves; any of a class of organic compounds that have two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen atom; the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies

• Ethosuximide -  an anticonvulsant drug (trade names Emeside and Zarontin) used to treat petit mal epilepsy

• ethyl -  the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom

• Ethyl -  the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom

• Ethyl acetate -  a fragrant colorless flammable volatile liquid ester made from ethanol and acetic acid; used in flavorings and perfumes and as a solvent for plastics

• Ethyl chloride -  a colorless flammable gas used as a local surface anesthetic

• Ethylene -  a flammable colorless gaseous alkene; obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic

• Ethylene glycol -  a sweet but poisonous syrupy liquid used as an antifreeze and solvent

• Explosive -  serving to explode or characterized by explosion or sudden outburst; sudden and loud; liable to lead to sudden change or violence;  a chemical substance that undergoes a rapid chemical change (with the production of gas) on being heated or struck

• Famotidine -  a histamine blocker (trade name Pepcid) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux

• Fenoprofen -  a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Nalfon) used in the treatment of arthritis and other painful inflammatory disorders

• Fentanyl -  trade names of a narcotic analgesic that can be inhaled and that acts on the central nervous system and may become addictive; used as a veterinary anesthetic and with other drugs before, during, and after surgery; also used as a nonlethal gas to incapacitate people in hostage situations; also abused as a recreational drug

• Ferric oxide -  a red oxide of iron

• Fibrinolysin -  an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots

• Fish oil -  a fatty oil obtained from the livers of various fish

• Floxuridine -  antineoplastic drug used to treat some cancers; can cause loss of hair

• Fluorescein -  a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)

• Fluorine -  a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite

• Fluorouracil -  an antimetabolite used to treat certain cancers

• Fluosilicic acid -  an unstable poisonous corrosive acid know primarily in the form of its salts

• Fluphenazine -  tranquilizer used to treat psychotic disorders

• Flurazepam -  tranquilizer (trade name Dalmane) used to treat insomnia

• Fluvastatin -  least expensive statin drug (trade name Lescol); usually taken orally at bedtime

• Folic acid -  a B vitamin that is essential for cell growth and reproduction

• Formaldehyde -  a colorless poisonous gas; made by the oxidation of methanol

• Formic acid -  a colorless pungent fuming vesicatory liquid acid HCOOH found naturally in ants and many plants or made catalytically from carbon monoxide and steam; used in finishing textiles and paper and in the manufacture of insecticides and fumigants

• Fresh Start -  an opportunity to start over without prejudice

• Fructose -  a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits

• Fumaric acid -  a colorless crystalline acid with a fruity taste; used in making polyester resins

• Furan -  a colorless toxic flammable liquid used in the synthesis of nylon

• Furfural -  a liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corn cobs; used in making furan and as a solvent

• Furosemide -  commonly used diuretic (trade name Lasix) used to treat hypertension and edema

• Gain -  the amount by which the revenue of a business exceeds its cost of operating; the amount of increase in signal power or voltage or current expressed as the ratio of output to input; the advantageous quality of being beneficial; a quantity that is added; verb increase (one's body weight); increase in; obtain advantages, such as points, etc.; earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages; rise in rate or price; reach a destination, either real or abstract; win something through one's efforts; derive a benefit from; obtain

• Gallic acid -  a colorless crystalline acid obtained from tannin

• Gallium -  a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores

• Gasoline -  a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines

• Gelatin -  a thin translucent membrane used over stage lights for color effects; an edible jelly (sweet or pungent) made with gelatin and used as a dessert or salad base or a coating for foods; a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin

• Gemfibrozil -  medication (trade name Lopid) used to lower the levels of triglyceride in the blood

• Gentamicin -  an antibiotic (trade name Garamycin) that is derived from an actinomycete; used in treating infections of the urinary tract

• Gentian violet -  a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment

• Germanium -  a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite

• Gibberellic acid -  a crystalline acid associated with gibberellin

• Glucagon -  a hormone secreted by the pancreas; stimulates increases in blood sugar levels in the blood (thus opposing the action of insulin)

• Glutamic acid -  an amino acid occurring in proteins; important in the nitrogen metabolism of plants; used in monosodium glutamate to enhance the flavor of meats

• Glutamine -  a crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins; important in protein metabolism

• Gluten -  a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough

• Glutethimide -  sedative (trade name Doriden) used to treat some sleep disorders

• Glycerin -  a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils

• Glycine -  genus of Asiatic erect or sprawling herbs: soya bean; the simplest amino acid found in proteins and the principal amino acid in sugar cane

• Graphite -  used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors

• Green tea -  tea leaves that have been steamed and dried without fermenting

• Griseofulvin -  a kind of penicillin (a fungicidal antibiotic with the trade name Fulvicin) produced by molds of the genus Penicillium

• Guanine -  a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine

• Guar gum -  a gum from seeds of the guar plant; used to thicken foods and as sizing for paper and cloth

• Gum benzoin -  gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation

• Haloperidol -  tranquilizer (trade name Haldol) used to treat some psychotic disorders and Tourette's syndrome

• Helium -  a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)

• Hematite -  the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form

• Heparin -  a polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibits the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood; it (trade names Lipo-Hepin and Liquaemin) is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis and in heart surgery

• Heroin -  a narcotic that is considered a hard drug; a highly addictive morphine derivative; intravenous injection provides the fastest and most intense rush

• Hexachlorophene -  antibacterial substance that is a water-soluble powder used in antiseptic soaps and toothpaste

• Hexanoic acid -  a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats or made synthetically; smells like goats

• Hexestrol -  estrogen compound used to treat menstrual irregularities and menopausal symptoms and to prevent pregnancy

• Histamine -  amine formed from histidine that stimulates gastric secretions and dilates blood vessels; released by the human immune system during allergic reactions

• human -  having human form or attributes as opposed to those of animals or divine beings; characteristic of humanity; relating to a person;  any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage

• Hyaluronic acid -  a viscous mucopolysaccharide found in the connective tissue space and the synovial fluid of movable joints and the humors of the eye; a cementing and protective substance

• Hydrazine -  a colorless fuming corrosive liquid; a powerful reducing agent; used chiefly in rocket fuels

• Hydrazoic acid -  a colorless explosive liquid that is volatile and poisonous and foul-smelling

• Hydrochlorothiazide -  a diuretic drug (trade name Esidrix and HydroDIURIL) used in the treatment of hypertension

• Hydrocortisone -  an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism

• Hydroflumethiazide -  diuretic used to treat hypertension and edema

• Hydrogen -  a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

• Hydrogen bromide -  a colorless gas that yields hydrobromic acid in solution with water

• Hydrogen chloride -  a colorless corrosive gas (HCl)

• Hydrogen cyanide -  a highly poisonous gas or volatile liquid that smells like bitter almonds; becomes a gas at around 90 degree Fahrenheit and is most dangerous when inhaled; the anhydride of hydrocyanic acid; used in manufacturing

• Hydrogen fluoride -  a colorless poisonous corrosive liquid made by the action of sulphuric acid on calcium fluoride; solutions in water are hydrofluoric acid

• Hydrogen iodide -  a colorless gas that yields hydroiodic acid in aqueous solution

• Hydrogen peroxide -  a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used as a disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels

• Hydrogen sulfide -  a sulfide having the unpleasant smell of rotten eggs

• Hydromorphone -  a narcotic analgesic (trade name Dilaudid) used to treat moderate to severe pain

• hydroxide -  a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group; a compound of an oxide with water

• hydroxy -  being or containing a hydroxyl group

• Hydroxyacetic acid -  a translucent crystalline compound found in sugar cane and sugar beets and unripe grapes

• hydroxymethyl -  a methyl with hydroxide replacing the hydrogen atoms

• Hydroxyzine -  a drug (trade names Atarax and Vistaril) used as a tranquilizer to treat anxiety and motion sickness

• Hypophosphorous acid -  a clear or yellow monobasic acid (H3PO2)

• Ibuprofen -  a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (trade names Advil and Motrin and Nuprin) used to relieve the pain of arthritis and as an analgesic and antipyretic

• Imidazole -  an organic base C3H4N2; a histamine inhibitor

• imide -  any of a class of organic compounds that contain the divalent radical -CONHCO-

• Imipramine -  a tricyclic antidepressant (trade names Imavate and Tofranil) used to treat clinical depression

• Indene -  a colorless liquid hydrocarbon extracted from petroleum or coal tar and used in making synthetic resins

• Indigo -  having a color between blue and violet;  a blue-violet color; deciduous subshrub of southeastern Asia having pinnate leaves and clusters of red or purple flowers; a source of indigo dye; a blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically

• Indomethacin -  a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Indocin)

• Infliximab -  an anti-TNF compound (trade name Remicade) consisting of an antibody directed against TNF; it is given intravenously at one-month to three-month intervals; used in treatment of regional enteritis and rheumatoid arthritis

• Invert sugar -  a mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose; found naturally in fruits; sweeter than glucose

• iodide -  a salt or ester of hydriodic acid

• Iodoform -  a yellowish crystalline solid with a penetrating odor; sometimes used as an antiseptic dressing; sweet smelling yellow solid haloform CHI3

• Ionizing radiation -  high-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes

• Iron -  extremely robust;  home appliance consisting of a flat metal base that is heated and used to smooth cloth; a golf club that has a relatively narrow metal head; implement used to brand live stock; a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood; verb press and smooth with a heated iron

• Isobutyl nitrite -  a colorless pungent liquid sometimes used as a stimulant drug by drug abusers

• Isobutylene -  used also in making gasoline components

• Isoflurane -  a widely used inhalation anesthetic

• Isoniazid -  antibacterial drug (trade name Nydrazid) used to treat tuberculosis

• Isopropanol -  alcohol used as antifreeze or a solvent

• Isosorbide -  drug (trade name Isordil) used to treat angina pectoris and congestive heart failure

• Itraconazole -  an oral antifungal drug (trade name Sporanox) taken for cases of fungal nail disease

• Kaolin -  a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)

• Kerosene -  a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters

• Ketamine -  a general anesthetic and tranquilizer (not a barbiturate) that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly; used mainly by veterinarians or for minor surgery with geriatric or pediatric patients; taken in large doses it causes hallucinations similar to those associated with the use of PCP

• Labetalol -  antihypertensive drug (trade names Trandate and Normodyne) that blocks alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system (leading to a decrease in blood pressure)

• Lactic acid -  a clear odorless hygroscopic syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and in many fruits

• Lactose -  a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk

• Lamivudine -  a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is very effective in combination with zidovudine in treating AIDS and HIV

• Lanolin -  an emollient containing wool fat (a fatty substance obtained from the wool of sheep); a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics

• Lansoprazole -  antacid (trade name Prevacid) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach

• Lard oil -  oil consisting chiefly of olein that is expressed from lard and used especially as a lubricant, cutting oil or illuminant

• Laundry detergent -  any of various detergents designed for use in a washing machine for clothing

• Lead -  the playing of a card to start a trick in bridge; a position of leadership (especially in the phrase `take the lead'); mixture of graphite with clay in different degrees of hardness; the marking substance in a pencil; thin strip of metal used to separate lines of type in printing; an advantage held by a competitor in a race; evidence pointing to a possible solution; the introductory section of a story; a news story of major importance; (baseball) the position taken by a base runner preparing to advance to the next base; (sports) the score by which a team or individual is winning; the angle between the direction a gun is aimed and the position of a moving target (correcting for the flight time of the missile); a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey; a jumper that consists of a short piece of wire; restraint consisting of a rope (or light chain) used to restrain an animal; the timing of ignition relative to the position of the piston in an internal-combustion engine; an indication of potential opportunity; an actor who plays a principal role; verb cause to undertake a certain action; travel in front of; go in advance of others; take somebody somewhere; tend to or result in; be ahead of others; be the first; pass or spend; preside over; lead, as in the performance of a composition; move ahead (of others) in time or space; be in charge of; be conducive to; have as a result or residue; stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point; lead, extend, or afford access; cause something to pass or lead somewhere

• Lead acetate -  a poisonous white solid (Pb[CH3CO]2) used in dyeing cotton and in making enamels and varnishes

• Lead arsenate -  a poisonous white solid (Pb3[AsO4]2) used as an insecticide

• Lead carbonate -  a poisonous white pigment that contains lead

• Lead chromate -  a poisonous chromate of lead used as a pigment in paint

• Leflunomide -  an anti-TNF compound (trade name Arava) that is given orally; can slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by slowing the proliferation of white blood cells which reduces inflammation in the synovium

• Lemon oil -  fragrant yellow oil obtained from the lemon peel

• Levallorphan -  drug (trade name Lorfan) that is related to morphine but that counteracts the respiratory depression produced by morphine poisoning but without affecting its analgesic effects

• Levodopa -  the levorotatory form of dopa (trade names Bendopa and Brocadopa and Larodopa); as a drug it is used to treat Parkinson's disease

• Lidocaine -  a local anesthetic (trade names Lidocaine and Xylocaine) used topically on the skin and mucous membranes

• Limonene -  a liquid terpene with a lemon odor; found in lemons and oranges and other essential oils

• Linalool -  a colorless fragrant liquid found in many essential oils

• Lincomycin -  antibiotic (trade name Lincocin) obtained from a streptomyces bacterium and used in the treatment of certain penicillin-resistant infections

• Lindane -  a white crystalline powder used as an agricultural insecticide

• Linoleic acid -  a liquid polyunsaturated fatty acid abundant in plant fats and oils; a fatty acid essential for nutrition; used to make soap

• Linseed oil -  a drying oil extracted from flax seed and used in making such things as oil paints

• Linuron -  a herbicide that kills weeds without harming vegetables

• Liothyronine -  thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with one less iodine atom per molecule and produced in smaller quantity; exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but is more potent and briefer

• Liquefied petroleum gas -  hydrocarbon gases, usually propane or butane, kept under pressure

• Lisinopril -  an ACE inhibiting drug (trade names Prinival or Zestril) administered as an antihypertensive and after heart attacks

• Lithia water -  mineral water containing lithium salts

• Lithium -  a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals

• Lithium -  a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals

• Lithium carbonate -  a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder

• Lomustine -  an antineoplastic drug often used to treat brain tumors or Hodgkin's disease

• Lovastatin -  an oral drug (trade name Mevacor) to reduce blood cholesterol levels; used when dietary changes have proved inadequate

• Loxapine -  a tranquilizer (trade name Loxitane) used to treat schizophrenia

• Magenta -  of deep purplish red;  a battle in 1859 in which the French and Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeated the Austrians under Francis Joseph I; a dark purple-red; the dye was discovered in 1859, the year of the battle of Magenta

• Magnesium carbonate -  a very white crystalline salt that occurs naturally as magnesite or as dolomite

• Magnesium hydroxide -  a white crystalline powder used chiefly in medicines

• Magnesium oxide -  a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium

• Magnesium sulfate -  a salt of magnesium

• Malathion -  a yellow insecticide used as a dust or spray to control garden pests and house flies and mites

• Maleic acid -  a colorless crystalline compound found in unripe fruit (such as apples or tomatoes or cherries) and used mainly to make polyester resins

• Mebendazole -  an anthelmintic used to treat hookworm and pinworm and roundworm infestations

• Meclizine -  an antihistamine (trade name Antivert) used to treat or prevent motion sickness

• medication -  the act of treating with medicines or remedies; (medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease

• Medroxyprogesterone -  a progestin compound (trade name Provera) used to treat menstrual disorders

• Mefenamic acid -  a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug (trade name Ponstel) used to treat mild pain (especially menstrual cramps)

• Mefloquine -  an antimalarial drug (trade name Larium and Mephaquine) that is effective in cases that do not respond to chloroquine; said to produce harmful neuropsychiatric effects on some people

• Melamine -  a white crystalline organic base; used mainly in making melamine resins

• Melatonin -  hormone secreted by the pineal gland

• Melphalan -  antineoplastic drug (trade name Alkeran) used to treat multiple myeloma and some other malignancies

• Menadione -  a form of vitamin K

• Menthol -  a lotion containing menthol which gives it the smell of mint; a crystalline compound that has the cool and minty taste and odor that occurs naturally in peppermint oil; used as a flavoring and in medicine to relieve itching, pain, and nasal congestion

• Meperidine -  a synthetic narcotic drug (trade name Demerol) used to treat pain

• Mephenytoin -  a toxic anticonvulsant drug (trade name Mesantoin) used in the treatment of epilepsy when less toxic anticonvulsants have been ineffective

• Meprobamate -  a sedative and tranquilizer (trade name Miltown and Equanil and Meprin) used to treat muscle tension and anxiety

• Mercaptopurine -  a drug (trade name Purinethol) that interferes with the metabolism of purine and is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia

• Mercuric chloride -  a white poisonous soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury; used as a pesticide or antiseptic or wood preservative

• Mercurochrome -  a mercurial compound applied topically as an antiseptic; Mercurochrome is the trademark

• Mercury -  temperature measured by a mercury thermometer; the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun; (Roman mythology) messenger of Jupiter and god of commerce; counterpart of Greek Hermes; a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

• Mercury fulminate -  a fulminate that when dry explodes violently if struck or heated; used in detonators and blasting caps and percussion caps

• Mestranol -  a synthetic form of estrogen used in combination with a progestin in oral contraceptives

• Metformin -  an antidiabetic drug (trade name Glucophage) prescribed to treat type II diabetes

• Methacrylic acid -  an unsaturated acid (C4H6O2) used to make resins and plastics

• Methadone -  synthetic narcotic drug similar to morphine but less habit-forming; used in narcotic detoxification and maintenance of heroin addiction

• methane -  a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel

• Methanol -  a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol

• Methapyrilene -  antihistamine used to treat allergic responses (as rhinitis or dermatitis or pruritus)

• Methaqualone -  sedative-hypnotic drug (trade name Quaalude) that is a drug of abuse

• Methenamine -  antibacterial agent (trade names Mandelamine and Urex) that is contained in many products that are used to treat urinary infections

• Methicillin -  antibiotic drug of the penicillin family used in the treatment of certain staphylococcal infections

• Methocarbamol -  muscle relaxant for skeletal muscles (trade name Robaxin) used to treat spasms

• Methotrexate -  toxic antimetabolite that limits cellular reproduction by acting as an antagonist to folic acid; used to treat certain cancers and psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis

• methyl -  the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane

• methyl -  the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane

• Methyl bromide -  a poisonous gas or liquid (CH3Br) used to fumigate rodents, worms, etc.

• Methyl ethyl ketone -  colorless soluble flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent for resins and as a paint remover and in lacquers and cements and adhesives and cleaning fluids and celluloid

• Methyl orange -  an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases

• Methyl salicylate -  a liquid ester with a strong odor of wintergreen; applied externally for minor muscle and joint pain

• Methyldopa -  antihypertensive drug (trade name Aldomet) used in the treatment of high blood pressure

• Methylene blue -  a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning

• Methylphenidate -  central nervous system stimulant (trade name Ritalin) used in the treatment of narcolepsy in adults and attention deficit disorder in children

• Metoprolol -  beta blocker (trade name Lopressor) used in treating hypertension and angina and arrhythmia and acute myocardial infarction; has adverse side effects (depression and exacerbation of congestive heart failure etc.)

• Metronidazole -  antiprotozoal medication (trade name Flagyl) used to treat trichomoniasis and giardiasis

• Midazolam -  an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures

• Mifepristone -  an abortion-inducing drug (trade name RU_486) developed in France; when taken during the first five weeks of pregnancy it blocks the action of progesterone so that the uterus sloughs off the embryo

• Mineral oil -  a distillate of petroleum (especially one used medicinally as a laxative or stool softener)

• Minocycline -  tetracycline antibiotic (trade name Minocin) used to treat a variety of bacterial and rickettsial infections

• Minoxidil -  a vasodilator (trade name Loniten) used to treat severe hypertension; one side effect is hirsutism so it is also sold (trade name Rogaine) as a treatment for male-patterned baldness

• Miscellaneous -  constituting a grab-bag category; consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds (even to the point of incongruity)

• Mithramycin -  an antineoplastic drug (trade name Mithracin) used to treat cancer of the testes

• Molindone -  antipsychotic drug (trade name Moban) used in the treatment of schizophrenia

• Molybdenum -  a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel

• Monosodium glutamate -  white crystalline compound used as a food additive to enhance flavor; often used in Chinese cooking

• Morphine -  an alkaloid narcotic drug extracted from opium; a powerful, habit-forming narcotic used to relieve pain

• Myristic acid -  a saturated fatty acid occurring naturally in animal and vegetable fats

• nitrate -  any compound containing the nitrate group (such as a salt or ester of nitric acid); verb treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate

• nitrobenzene -  a poisonous oily water-soluble liquid used as a solvent and in the manufacture of aniline

• Oleic acid -  a colorless oily liquid occurring as a glyceride; it is the major fatty acid in olive oil and canola oil; used in making soap and cosmetics and ointments and lubricating oils

• Olive oil -  oil from olives

• Omeprazole -  antacid (trade name Prilosec) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach

• Orphenadrine -  a skeletal muscle relaxant (trade name Norflex) used to treat severe muscle strain and Parkinsonism

• Osmium -  a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known

• oxalate -  a salt or ester of oxalic acid

• Oxalic acid -  a toxic colorless crystalline organic acid found in oxalis and other plants; used as a bleach and rust remover and in chemical analysis

• Oxaprozin -  a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Daypro)

• Oxazepam -  a tranquilizing drug (trade name Serax) used to treat anxiety and insomnia and alcohol withdrawal

• oxide -  any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical

• Oxygen -  a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

• Oxyphenbutazone -  an anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Tandearil) used to treat arthritis and bursitis

• Oxytetracycline -  a yellow crystalline antibiotic (trademark Terramycin) obtained from a soil actinomycete; used to treat various bacterial and rickettsial infections

• Oxytocin -  hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitocin); stimulates contractions of the uterus and ejection of milk

• Ozone -  a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and cold water; a strong oxidizing agent; can be produced by electric discharge in oxygen or by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen in the stratosphere (where it acts as a screen for ultraviolet radiation)

• Palladium -  a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry

• Palm oil -  oil from nuts of oil palms especially the African oil palm

• Palmitic acid -  a saturated fatty acid that is the major fat in meat and dairy products

• Pancreatin -  extract from the pancreas of animals that contains pancreatic enzymes; used to treat pancreatitis and other conditions involving insufficient pancreatic secretions

• Papaverine -  an alkaloid medicine (trade name Kavrin) obtained from opium; used to relax smooth muscles; it is nonaddictive

• Paraldehyde -  a colorless liquid (a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde) that is used as a sedative and a solvent

• Paraquat -  a poisonous yellow solid used in solution as a herbicide

• Parathion -  a colorless and odorless toxic oil used as an insecticide

• Parathyroid hormone -  hormone synthesized and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands; regulates phosphorus and calcium in the body and functions in neuromuscular excitation and blood clotting

• Paregoric -  medicine used to treat diarrhea

• Paris green -  a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate; a shade of green tinged with yellow

• Peanut oil -  a oil from peanuts; used in cooking and making soap

• Pectin -  any of various water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates that occur in ripe fruit and vegetables; used in making fruit jellies and jams

• Penicillin g -  the penicillin that constitutes the principal component of many commercial antibiotics

• Penicillin v -  a crystalline penicillin similar in action to penicillin G but more resistant to the action of gastric acids

• Pentaerythritol -  a coronary vasodilator (trade name Peritrate) used to treat angina pectoris

• Pentazocine -  analgesic drug (trade name Talwin) that is less addictive than morphine

• Pentobarbital -  a barbiturate (trade name Nembutal) used as a sedative and hypnotic and antispasmodic

• Peppermint oil -  oil from the peppermint plant used as flavoring

• Perchloric acid -  a powerful oxidizing agent; forms perchlorates

• peroxide -  an inorganic compound containing the divalent ion -O-O-; a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used as a disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels; verb bleach with peroxide

• Perphenazine -  tranquilizer and antidepressant (trade name Triavil) sometimes used as an antiemetic for adults

• Petrolatum -  a semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication

• Phenacetin -  a white crystalline compound used as an analgesic and also as an antipyretic

• Phenazopyridine -  analgesic (trade name Pyridium) used to treat urinary tract infections

• Phencyclidine -  a drug used as an anesthetic by veterinarians; illicitly taken (originally in the form of powder or `dust') for its effects as a hallucinogen

• Phenelzine -  monoamine oxidase inhibitor (trade name Nardil) used to treat clinical depression

• Phenobarbital -  a long-acting barbiturate used as a sedative

• phenol -  any of a class of weakly acidic organic compounds; molecule contains one or more hydroxyl groups; a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally

• Phenolphthalein -  a laxative used in many preparations under various trade names; also used as an acid-base indicator in titrations involving weak acids and strong bases because it is brilliant red at high alkalinity and colorless below pH 8

• Phenothiazine -  a compound used primarily in veterinary medicine to rid farm animals of internal parasites

• Phentolamine -  a virility drug (trade name Vasomax) to treat erectile dysfunction in men

• Phenylbutazone -  anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Butazolidin)

• Phenylephrine -  a powerful vasoconstrictor used to dilate the pupils and relieve nasal congestion

• Phenylpropanolamine -  an adrenergic drug used in many preparations to relieve allergic reactions or respiratory infections

• Phenytoin -  an anticonvulsant drug (trade name Dilantin) used to treat epilepsy and that is not a sedative

• Phosgene -  a colorless poisonous gas that smells like new-mown hay; used in chemical warfare

• phosphate -  carbonated drink with fruit syrup and a little phosphoric acid; a salt of phosphoric acid

• Phosphine -  a colorless gas with a strong fishy smell; used as a pesticide

• Phosphoric acid -  an acid used in fertilizers and soaps: H3PO4

• Phosphorus -  a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms; a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky

• Phthalic acid -  a colorless acid used to make dyes and perfumes

• Phthalic anhydride -  a white cyclic anhydride

• Physostigmine -  used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma

• Phytonadione -  a form of vitamin K

• Picric acid -  a yellow toxic highly explosive strong acid; used in high explosives and as a dye and in chemical reactions

• Pilocarpine -  cholinergic alkaloid used in eyedrops to treat glaucoma

• Pindolol -  an oral beta blocker (trade name Visken) used in treating hypertension

• Piperazine -  vermifuge used to treat infestations by roundworms or pinworms

• Platinum -  a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits

• Plutonium -  a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239

• Polonium -  a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor

• Polybutene -  a polymer of butylene; used in lubricants and synthetic rubber

• Polyethylene -  a lightweight thermoplastic; used especially in packaging and insulation

• Polyphosphoric acid -  a series of oxyacids of phosphorus

• Polypropylene -  a polymer of propylene used as a thermoplastic molding material

• Polyvinyl acetate -  a vinyl polymer used especially in paints or adhesives

• Polyvinyl chloride -  a polymer of vinyl chloride used instead of rubber in electric cables

• Potassium -  a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite

• Potassium bromide -  a white crystalline salt (KBr) used as a sedative and in photography

• Potassium carbonate -  a white salt (K2CO3) that is basic in solution; used to make glass and cleansing agents

• Potassium chlorate -  a white salt (KClO3) used in matches, fireworks, and explosives; also used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent

• Potassium chloride -  salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency

• Potassium cyanide -  a poisonous salt (KCN) used in electroplating and in photography

• Potassium dichromate -  an orange-red salt used in making dyes and in photography

• Potassium hydroxide -  a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry

• Potassium iodide -  a crystalline salt in organic synthesis and in making photographic emulsions and in iodized table salt

• Potassium nitrate -  (KNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive

• Potassium permanganate -  a poisonous salt that forms dark purple crystals and is purple-red when dissolved in water; used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant and antiseptic

• Pravastatin -  an oral drug (trade name Pravachol) administered to reduce blood cholesterol levels; recommended after nonfatal heart attacks

• Prednisolone -  a glucocorticoid (trade names Pediapred or Prelone) used to treat inflammatory conditions

• Prednisone -  a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant

• Primaquine -  synthetic antimalarial drug

• Primidone -  an anticonvulsant (trade name Mysoline) used to treat grand mal seizures and essential tremor

• Probenecid -  a uricosuric drug that reduces the level of uric acid in the blood; used to treat gout

• Procaine -  a white crystalline powder (trade name Ethocaine) administered near nerves as a local anesthetic in dentistry and medicine

• Procarbazine -  an antineoplastic drug used to treat Hodgkin's disease

• Prochlorperazine -  antipsychotic and antiemetic drug used to treat schizophrenia and to combat nausea and vomiting

• Procyclidine -  drug (trade name Kemadrin) used to reduce tremors in Parkinsonism

• Progesterone -  a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy

• Promethazine -  antihistamine (trade name Phenergan) used to treat allergies; also an antiemetic used to treat motion sickness

• Propane -  colorless gas found in natural gas and petroleum; used as a fuel

• propanone -  the simplest ketone; a highly inflammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent and as material for making plastics

• propene -  a flammable gas obtained by cracking petroleum; used in organic synthesis

• Propionaldehyde -  a colorless liquid aldehyde

• Propionic acid -  a liquid fatty acid found in milk and sweat and in fuel distillates

• propyl -  the monovalent organic group C3H7- obtained from propane

• Propylene -  a flammable gas obtained by cracking petroleum; used in organic synthesis

• Propylene glycol -  a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid and also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects

• Protamine -  a simple protein found in fish sperm; rich in arginine; simpler in composition than globulin or albumin; counteracts the anticoagulant effect of heparin

• Protriptyline -  tricyclic antidepressant used to treat clinical depression

• Pseudoephedrine -  poisonous crystalline alkaloid occurring with ephedrine and isomorphic with it

• Putrescine -  a colorless crystalline ptomaine with a foul odor that is produced in decaying animal matter

• pyrene -  the small hard nutlet of a drupe or drupelet; the seed and the hard endocarp that surrounds it; a pale yellow crystalline hydrocarbon C16H10 extracted from coal tar

• Pyrethrum -  used in former classifications for plants later placed in genus Chrysanthemum and now often included in genus Tanacetum; white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum; made of dried flower heads of pyrethrum plants; spring-flowering garden perennial of Asiatic origin having finely divided aromatic leaves and white to pink-purple flowers; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum

• Pyridine -  a toxic colorless flammable liquid organic base with a disagreeable odor; usually derived from coal

• Pyrilamine -  antihistamine used to treat rhinitis and pruritus

• Pyrogallic acid -  a toxic white lustrous crystalline phenol used to treat certain skin diseases and as a photographic developer

• pyrophosphate -  a salt or ester of pyrophosphoric acid

• Quinacrine -  a drug (trade name Atabrine) used to treat certain worm infestations and once used to treat malaria

• Quinidine -  cardiac drug (trade names Quinidex and Quinora) used to treat certain heart arrhythmias

• Quinine -  a bitter alkaloid extracted from chinchona bark; used in malaria therapy

• radioactive -  exhibiting or caused by radioactivity

• Radium -  an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores

• Radon -  a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health

• Ranitidine -  a histamine blocker and antacid (trade name Zantac) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux

• Reboxetine -  an antidepressant drug that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine

• Rennin -  an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate

• Reserpine -  antihypertensive consisting of an alkaloid extracted from the plant Rauwolfia serpentina (trade names Raudixin or Rau-Sed or Sandril or Serpasil)

• Resorcinol -  a crystalline phenol obtained from various resins; used in ointments for acne and in dandruff shampoos

• Rhodium -  a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum

• Ribavirin -  an inhaled antiviral agent (trade name Virazole) that may be used to treat serious virus infections

• Riboflavin -  a B vitamin that prevents skin lesions and weight loss

• Ricin -  a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon

• Ricinoleic acid -  an oily fatty acid found in castor oil and used in soap

• Rifampin -  an antibacterial drug (trade names Rifadin and Rimactane) used to treat tuberculosis

• Ritonavir -  a protease inhibitor (trade name Norvir) used in treating HIV

• Rofecoxib -  a Cox-2 inhibitor (trade name Vioxx) that relieves pain without harming the digestive tract; voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2004

• Rotenone -  a white crystalline insecticide that has low toxicity for mammals; is used in home gardens; extracted from the roots of derris and cube

• Saccharin -  a crystalline substance 500 times sweeter than sugar; used as a calorie-free sweetener

• Safflower oil -  oil from seeds of the safflower plant; oil from safflower seeds used as food as well as in medicines and paints

• Salicylic acid -  a white crystalline substance with a bitter aftertaste; used as a fungicide or in making aspirin or dyes or perfumes

• Samarium -  a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite

• Saquinavir -  a weak protease inhibitor (trade name Invirase) used in treating HIV

• Sarin -  a highly toxic chemical nerve agent that inhibits the activity of cholinesterase

• Scopolamine -  an alkaloid with anticholinergic effects that is used as a sedative and to treat nausea and to dilate the pupils in ophthalmic procedures

• Secobarbital -  barbiturate that is a white odorless slightly bitter powder (trade name Seconal) used as a sodium salt for sedation and to treat convulsions

• Selenic acid -  a strong acid (H2SeO4) analogous to sulfuric acid

• Selenium -  a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)

• Sertraline -  a selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly prescribed as an antidepressant (trade name Zoloft)

• Sesame oil -  oil obtained from sesame seeds

• Sildenafil -  virility drug (trade name Viagra) used to treat erectile dysfunction in men

• Silicon -  a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors

• Silicon carbide -  an extremely hard blue-black crystalline compound (SiC) used as an abrasive and a heat refractory material; crystals of silicon carbide can be used as semiconductors

• Silver -  having the white lustrous sheen of silver; made from or largely consisting of silver; expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively; of lustrous grey; covered with or tinged with the color of silver;  coins made of silver; a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography; silverware eating utensils; a trophy made of silver (or having the appearance of silver) that is usually awarded for winning second place in a competition; a light shade of grey; verb turn silver; make silver in color; coat with a layer of silver or a silver amalgam

• Silver iodide -  an iodide that is used in photography, in seeding clouds to make rain, and in medicine

• Silver nitrate -  a nitrate used in making photographic emulsions; also used in medicine as a cautery and as a topical antibacterial agent

• Simazine -  a herbicide used to control weeds (especially among crops)

• Simvastatin -  an oral lipid-lowering medicine (trade name Zocor) administered to reduce blood cholesterol levels; recommended after heart attacks

• snake venom -  venom secreted by certain snakes

• Sodium -  a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)

• Sodium -  a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)

• Sodium benzoate -  a white crystalline salt used as a food preservative and antiseptic

• Sodium bicarbonate -  a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid

• Sodium carbonate -  a sodium salt of carbonic acid; used in making soap powders and glass and paper

• Sodium chlorate -  a colorless salt (NaClO3) used as a weed killer and an antiseptic

• Sodium chloride -  a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)

• Sodium cyanide -  a white poisonous salt (NaCN) used in electroplating

• Sodium dichromate -  a red-orange salt used as a mordant

• Sodium fluoride -  a colorless crystalline salt of sodium (NaF) used in fluoridation of water and to prevent tooth decay

• Sodium hydride -  a flammable grey crystalline binary compound (NaH)

• Sodium hydroxide -  a strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compounds

• Sodium hypochlorite -  an unstable salt (NaOCl) used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant

• Sodium iodide -  a crystalline salt used like potassium iodide

• Sodium lauryl sulfate -  a caustic detergent useful for removing grease; although commonly included in personal care items (shampoos and toothpastes etc.) it can irritate skin and should not be swallowed

• Sodium nitrate -  (NaNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive

• Sodium nitrite -  nitrite used to preserve and color food especially in meat and fish products; implicated in the formation of suspected carcinogens

• Sodium silicate -  a viscous glass consisting of sodium silicate in solution; used as a cement or as a protective coating and to preserve eggs

• Sodium sulfate -  a solid white bitter salt used in manufacturing glass and paper and dyes and pharmaceuticals

• Sodium thiosulfate -  a compound used as a fixing agent in photographic developing

• Soman -  a nerve agent easily absorbed into the body; a lethal cholinesterase inhibitor that is highly toxic when inhaled

• Sorbic acid -  a white crystalline carboxylic acid used as a preservative

• Soybean oil -  oil from soya beans

• Spironolactone -  a synthetic corticosteroid (trade name Aldactone) used to treat hypertension

• Stannic chloride -  a colorless caustic liquid made by treating tin with chlorine

• Stannous fluoride -  a white powder that is used to fluoridate toothpaste

• Stearic acid -  a waxy saturated fatty acid; occurs widely as a glyceride in animal and vegetable fats

• Sterculia gum -  exudate of an Asian tree; used for finishing textiles and to thicken foodstuffs and cosmetics

• Stevia -  any plant of the genus Piqueria or the closely related genus Stevia; any plant of the genus Stevia or the closely related genus Piqueria having glutinous foliage and white or purplish flowers; Central and South America

• Streptomycin -  an antibiotic produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces griseus and used to treat tuberculosis

• Strontium -  a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite

• Strychnine -  an alkaloid plant toxin extracted chiefly from nux vomica; formerly used as a stimulant

• Styrene -  a colorless oily liquid; the monomer for polystyrene

• Styrene -  a colorless oily liquid; the monomer for polystyrene

• Succinic acid -  a dicarboxylic acid (C4H6O4) active in metabolic processes

• Succinylcholine -  a muscle relaxant for striated muscle that is used as an adjunct to anesthesia during certain surgical procedures

• Sucralfate -  medicine consisting of a tablet (trade name Carafate) used to treat peptic ulcers; said to bind to the ulcer site and coat it

• Sucrose -  a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent

• Sulfamethazine -  a sulfa drug used like sulfadiazine and also in veterinary medicine

• Sulfamethoxazole -  a sulfonamide (trade name Gantanol) used to treat infections (especially infections of the urinary tract)

• Sulfanilamide -  a white odorless crystalline sulfa drug; the parent compound of most of the sulfa drugs

• Sulfanilic acid -  a crystalline acid made from aniline and used as a dye

• sulfate -  a salt or ester of sulphuric acid; verb convert into a sulfate

• sulfide -  a compound of sulphur and some other element that is more electropositive

• Sulfisoxazole -  a sulfonamide (trade name Gantrisin) used to treat infections of the urinary tract

• sulfonate -  a salt of sulphonic acid

• Sulfur -  an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions); verb treat with sulphur in order to preserve

• Sulfur dioxide -  a colorless toxic gas (SO2) that occurs in the gases from volcanoes; used in many manufacturing processes and present in industrial emissions; causes acid rain

• Sulfur hexafluoride -  a colorless gas that is soluble in alcohol and ether; a powerful greenhouse gas widely used in the electrical utility industry

• Sulfuric acid -  (H2SO4) a highly corrosive acid made from sulfur dioxide; widely used in the chemical industry

• Sunlight -  the rays of the sun

• Surf -  waves breaking on the shore; verb switch channels, on television; look around casually and randomly, without seeking anything in particular; ride the waves of the sea with a surfboard

• Tabun -  the first known nerve agent, synthesized by German chemists in 1936; a highly toxic combustible liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and is used as a nerve gas in chemical warfare

• Tadalafil -  virility drug (trade name Cialis) used to treat erectile dysfunction in men

• Tall oil -  an oil derived from wood pulp and used in making soaps or lubricants

• Tallow -  obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants

• Tamoxifen -  an antagonist for estrogen that is used in the treatment of breast cancer

• Tannic acid -  any of various complex phenolic substances of plant origin; used in tanning and in medicine

• Tantalum -  a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite

• Taurine -  of or relating to or resembling a bull;  a colorless crystalline substance obtained from the bile of mammals

• Technetium -  a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium

• Teflon -  a material used to coat cooking utensils and in industrial applications where sticking is to be avoided

• Tellurium -  a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold

• Testosterone -  a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes; responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics

• Tetrachloroethylene -  anthelmintic agent used against hookworm and other nematodes

• Tetracycline -  an antibiotic (trade name Achromycin) derived from microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces and used broadly to treat infections

• Tetraethyl lead -  a clear oily poisonous liquid added to gasoline to prevent knocking

• Tetrafluoroethylene -  a flammable gaseous fluorocarbon used in making plastics (polytetrafluoroethylene resins)

• Tetrasodium pyrophosphate -  a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid used as a builder in soaps and detergents

• Tetrodotoxin -  a powerful neurotoxin found in the ovaries of pufferfish

• Tetryl -  a yellow crystalline explosive solid that is used in detonators

• Thalidomide -  a sedative and hypnotic drug; withdrawn from sale after discovered to cause severe birth defects because it inhibits angiogenesis

• Thallium -  a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores

• Theophylline -  a colorless crystalline alkaloid derived from tea leaves or made synthetically; used in medicine as a bronchial dilator

• Thiabendazole -  an antifungal agent and anthelmintic

• Thimerosal -  a light-colored crystalline powder (trade name Merthiolate) used as a surgical antiseptic

• Thioguanine -  an antineoplastic drug used to treat acute leukemias

• Thiopental -  barbiturate that is a hygroscopic powder (trade name Pentothal) that is a strong barbiturate that acts rapidly; induces a relaxed state when injected as a general anesthetic

• Thioridazine -  a tranquilizer (trade name Mellaril) used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

• Thiotepa -  an antineoplastic drug used to treat certain malignancies

• Thiothixene -  a tranquilizer (trade name Navane) used to treat schizophrenia

• Thorium -  a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands

• Thymol -  a colorless crystalline solid used in perfume or preserving biological specimens or in embalming or medically as a fungicide or antiseptic

• Thyroglobulin -  an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins

• Tide -  the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon; something that may increase or decrease (like the tides of the sea); there are usually two high and two low tides each day; verb be carried with the tide; cause to float with the tide; rise or move forward

• Timolol -  a beta blocker (trade name Blocadren) administered after heart attacks

• Titanium -  a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

• Titanium dioxide -  a white powder used as a pigment for its high covering power and durability

• Tobramycin -  an antibiotic (trade name Nebcin) that is especially effective against Gram-negative bacteria

• Tolazamide -  a drug (trade name Tolinase) used in treating stable adult-onset diabetes mellitus

• Tolbutamide -  sulfonylurea; an oral antidiabetic drug (trade name Orinase) used in the treatment of adult-onset diabetes mellitus

• Toluene -  a colorless flammable liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar; used as a solvent for gums and lacquers and in high-octane fuels

• Toluene -  a colorless flammable liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar; used as a solvent for gums and lacquers and in high-octane fuels

• toxin -  a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species

• Tranylcypromine -  an antidepressant drug that is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor; administered as a sulfate

• Trazodone -  oral antidepressant (trade name Desyrel) that is a nontricyclic drug used as a sedative

• Triamcinolone -  a synthetic corticosteroid (trade names Aristocort or Aristopak or Kenalog) used as an anti-inflammatory agent

• Triazolam -  a form of benzodiazepine (trade name Halcion) frequently prescribed as a sleeping pill; usually given to people who have trouble falling asleep

• Tributyrin -  a bitter oily triglyceride of butyric acid; a form of butyrin

• Trichlormethiazide -  diuretic drug (trade name Naqua) used to treat hypertension

• Trichloroacetic acid -  a strong acid made by chlorinating acetic acid

• Trichloroethylene -  a heavy colorless highly toxic liquid used as a solvent to clean electronic components and for dry cleaning and as a fumigant; causes cancer and liver and lung damage

• Trifluoromethane -  colorless gas haloform CHF3 (similar to chloroform)

• Triolein -  a naturally occuring glyceride of oleic acid that is found in fats and oils

• Trisodium phosphate -  the tertiary phosphate of sodium used as a builder in soaps and detergents

• Tristearin -  a triglyceride of stearic acid

• Tritium -  a radioactive isotope of hydrogen; atoms of tritium have three times the mass of ordinary hydrogen atoms

• Trypsin -  an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units

• Tubocurarine -  a toxic alkaloid found in certain tropical South American trees that is a powerful relaxant for striated muscles

• Tungsten -  a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

• Turpentine -  volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally; obtained from conifers (especially pines)

• Tyramine -  amino acid derived from tyrosine; has a sympathomimetic action; found in chocolate and cola drinks and ripe cheese and beer

• Uranium -  a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons

• Uranyl nitrate -  a yellow salt obtained by the reaction of uranium salts with nitric acid

• Valproic acid -  anticonvulsant (trade name Depokene) used to prevent some kinds of seizures

• Vanadic acid -  any of various oxyacids of vanadium; known mostly in the form of its salts

• Vanadium -  a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite

• Vanadium pentoxide -  any of various oxyacids of vanadium; known mostly in the form of its salts

• Vancomycin -  an antibiotic (trade name Vancocin) effective against some bacterial infections

• Vanillin -  a crystalline compound found in vanilla beans and some balsam resins; used in perfumes and flavorings

• Vardenafil -  virility drug (trade name Levitra) used to treat erectile dysfunction in men

• Vasopressin -  hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules

• Vegetable oil -  any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants

• Verapamil -  a drug (trade names Calan and Isoptin) used as an oral or parenteral calcium blocker in cases of hypertension or congestive heart failure or angina or migraine

• Vinblastine -  periwinkle plant derivative used as an antineoplastic drug (trade name Velban) that disrupts cell division

• Vincristine -  periwinkle plant derivative used as an antineoplastic drug (trade name Oncovin); used to treat cancer of the lymphatic system

• vinyl -  shiny and tough and flexible plastic; used especially for floor coverings; a univalent chemical radical derived from ethylene

• Vitamin a -  any of several fat-soluble vitamins essential for normal vision; prevents night blindness or inflammation or dryness of the eyes

• Vitamin b -  originally thought to be a single vitamin but now separated into several B vitamins

• Vitamin d -  a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

• Vitamin e -  a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

• Vitamin k -  a fat-soluble vitamin that helps in the clotting of blood

• Warfarin -  an anticoagulant (trade name Coumadin) use to prevent and treat a thrombus or embolus

• Water -  a fluid necessary for the life of most animals and plants; binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent; once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles); a facility that provides a source of water; the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); liquid excretory product; verb secrete or form water, as tears or saliva; supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; fill with tears; provide with water

• Witch hazel -  lotion consisting of an astringent alcoholic solution containing an extract from the witch hazel plant; any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Hamamelis; bark yields an astringent lotion

• Wollastonite -  a white or greyish mineral typically found in metamorphic limestone; a silicate of calcium

• Yttrium -  a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys

• Zidovudine -  an antiviral drug (trade name Retrovir) used in the treatment of AIDS; adverse side effects include liver damage and suppression of the bone marrow

• Zinc -  a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs as zinc sulphide in zinc blende; verb coat or cover with zinc

• Zinc -  a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs as zinc sulphide in zinc blende; verb coat or cover with zinc

• Zinc oxide -  oxide of zinc; a white powder used as a pigment or in cosmetics or glass or inks and in zinc ointment

• Zinc sulfate -  a colorless water-soluble powder; used as a mordant or to preserve wood or for the electrodeposition of zinc

• Zirconium -  a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon

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