Levniguldipine

A detailed overview of the fictional calcium channel blocker, Levniguldipine

{{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 123456789 | IUPAC_name = (3S)-3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]-2,2-dimethylpropyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | image = | width = 200 | tradename = Levnigul | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = | legal_AU = | legal_CA = | legal_UK = | legal_US = | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Oral | bioavailability = 30% | protein_bound = 95% | metabolism = Hepatic | elimination_half-life = 12 hours | excretion = Renal | CAS_number = 123456-78-9 | ATC_prefix = C08 | ATC_suffix = CA | PubChem = 12345678 | DrugBank = DB12345 | ChemSpiderID = 123456 | UNII = 123456789A | KEGG = D12345 | ChEBI = 12345 | ChEMBL = 1234567 | synonyms = }}

Levniguldipine is a fictional calcium channel blocker used primarily in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. It belongs to the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers, which are known for their potent vasodilatory effects.

Pharmacology

Levniguldipine works by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels in the smooth muscle cells of the vascular system. This action results in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and a subsequent reduction in blood pressure.

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of action of Levniguldipine involves the selective blockade of L-type calcium channels. By preventing calcium entry into cells, Levniguldipine reduces intracellular calcium concentrations, which is crucial for muscle contraction. This leads to vasodilation, particularly in the arterial system, and reduces the workload on the heart.

Pharmacokinetics

Levniguldipine is administered orally and has a bioavailability of approximately 30% due to first-pass metabolism in the liver. It is highly protein-bound (95%) and is metabolized hepatically. The elimination half-life of Levniguldipine is about 12 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing. The drug is primarily excreted via the renal route.

Clinical Uses

Levniguldipine is indicated for the treatment of:

• Hypertension: As a first-line agent, Levniguldipine is effective in lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.
• Angina Pectoris: It is used to relieve chest pain associated with angina by improving myocardial oxygen supply and reducing cardiac workload.

Adverse Effects

Common adverse effects of Levniguldipine include:

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Flushing
• Peripheral edema

These side effects are generally mild and often resolve with continued use.

Contraindications

Levniguldipine is contraindicated in patients with:

• Severe hypotension
• Cardiogenic shock
• Severe aortic stenosis

Drug Interactions

Levniguldipine may interact with other medications, including:

• Beta-blockers: Concurrent use may enhance the antihypertensive effect.
• CYP3A4 inhibitors: Such as ketoconazole, which may increase plasma levels of Levniguldipine.

Also see

• Calcium channel blocker
• Hypertension
• Angina pectoris
• Dihydropyridine