Diclofenac sodium

Diclofenac Sodium

Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory disorders. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as arthritis, menstrual pain, and other types of acute pain. Diclofenac sodium works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the production of prostaglandins, compounds that mediate inflammation and pain.

Medical Uses

Diclofenac sodium is used to manage various conditions, including:

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Migraine
• Dysmenorrhea
• Postoperative pain

Mechanism of Action

Diclofenac sodium inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins. This leads to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever. The drug's anti-inflammatory effects are primarily due to COX-2 inhibition, while COX-1 inhibition is associated with gastrointestinal side effects.

Administration

Diclofenac sodium is available in various forms, including:

• Oral tablets
• Topical gels
• Injectable solutions
• Suppositories

The dosage and form depend on the condition being treated and the patient's response to the medication.

Side Effects

Common side effects of diclofenac sodium include:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Nausea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Liver enzyme abnormalities

Serious side effects may include cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke, especially with long-term use.

Contraindications

Diclofenac sodium should not be used in patients with:

• Known hypersensitivity to diclofenac or other NSAIDs
• History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs
• Active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer disease
• Severe renal impairment
• Severe hepatic impairment

Related Pages

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Migraine
• Dysmenorrhea