Dionine
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Dionine, also known as ethylmorphine, is a semisynthetic opioid used primarily as a cough suppressant and for its analgesic properties. It is derived from morphine and is chemically classified as an opioid analgesic.
Pharmacology[edit | edit source]
Dionine acts on the central nervous system by binding to opioid receptors, which are part of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This binding results in the inhibition of neurotransmitter release, leading to its analgesic and antitussive effects. The drug is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, primarily CYP2D6, into morphine and other metabolites.
Medical Uses[edit | edit source]
Dionine is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain and as a cough suppressant. It is less potent than morphine but has a similar side effect profile. Due to its potential for abuse and addiction, its use is restricted in many countries.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of Dionine include:
Serious side effects may include:
Regulation[edit | edit source]
Dionine is classified as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions due to its potential for abuse and dependence. It is listed under various schedules depending on the country, often requiring a prescription for legal use.
History[edit | edit source]
Dionine was first synthesized in the late 19th century as a derivative of morphine. It was initially marketed as a less addictive alternative to morphine, but its potential for abuse was soon recognized.
Synthesis[edit | edit source]
The synthesis of Dionine involves the ethylation of morphine, typically using ethyl iodide in the presence of a base. This process modifies the hydroxyl group on the morphine molecule, resulting in the formation of ethylmorphine.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- Smith, J. (2005). Opioid Pharmacology. New York: Medical Press.
- Johnson, L. (2010). The History of Pain Management. London: Health Books.
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