Keto Ukrainian foods
Low-carbohydrate Ukrainian foods adapted for the ketogenic diet




Keto Ukrainian foods are Ukrainian foods and Ukrainian dishes adapted to fit the principles of the ketogenic diet, a very low-carbohydrate diet, high-fat, and moderate-protein eating pattern designed to promote nutritional ketosis. Traditional foods from Ukraine are hearty, seasonal, and often centered around cabbage, beetroot, potatoes, wheat, buckwheat, rye bread, varenyky, borscht, holubtsi, deruny, salo, sour cream, pork, beef, chicken, fish, mushrooms, dill, garlic, and fermented foods.
Many classic Ukrainian foods are naturally rich in flavor but high in carbohydrate because of potatoes, wheat flour, bread, buckwheat, rice, beans, honey, sugar, and fruit-filled dumplings. A keto Ukrainian approach keeps the familiar flavors of Ukrainian cooking while replacing high-carb staples with low-carb alternatives such as cauliflower, cabbage, zucchini, turnip, mushrooms, almond flour, coconut flour, fathead dough, eggs, cheese, sour cream, butter, lard, pork, beef, chicken, fish, and low-carb vegetables.The Ketogenic Diet: Clinical Applications, Evidence-based Therapeutic Approaches, and Future Directions(link). StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.Low-Carbohydrate Diet(link). StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.
Overview[edit]
Ukrainian cuisine reflects the agricultural, rural, seasonal, and regional traditions of Eastern Europe. It is known for soups, stews, dumplings, cabbage rolls, fermented vegetables, pickling, sour cream, dill, garlic, pork, fish, mushrooms, cottage cheese, cheese, and baked foods. On a ketogenic diet, Ukrainian dishes can be modified by reducing or replacing starches such as potato, wheat flour, buckwheat, rice, and bread.
Common keto Ukrainian adaptations include:
- Replacing potatoes in borscht with extra cabbage, mushrooms, zucchini, or cauliflower.
- Reducing beetroot in borscht and using it mainly for color and flavor.
- Replacing rice or buckwheat in holubtsi with cauliflower rice, minced mushrooms, or ground meat.
- Replacing varenyky dough with fathead dough, almond flour dough, egg wraps, or cabbage-roll-style fillings.
- Replacing deruny with zucchini fritters, cauliflower fritters, cabbage pancakes, or turnip pancakes.
- Serving salo, pork, sausage, fish, eggs, and sour cream with low-carb vegetables instead of bread.
- Using sour cream, butter, lard, cream cheese, farmer cheese, and cheese for traditional richness without added starch.
- Choosing pickled cucumbers, sauerkraut, cabbage, mushrooms, and dill as flavor-rich low-carb sides.
Terminology[edit]
- Ketogenic diet - A very low-carbohydrate diet designed to promote nutritional ketosis.
- Nutritional ketosis - A metabolic state in which the body uses fat and ketones as major fuel sources.
- Low-carbohydrate diet - A diet that restricts carbohydrate intake.
- Net carbohydrate - Total carbohydrate minus fiber and sometimes selected sugar alcohols.
- Ukrainian cuisine - Traditional and modern foods associated with Ukraine.
- Borscht - Ukrainian-style beetroot and cabbage soup, often served with sour cream and dill.
- Varenyky - Ukrainian filled dumplings, traditionally made with wheat flour dough.
- Holubtsi - Ukrainian cabbage rolls traditionally filled with rice, buckwheat, and meat.
- Deruny - Ukrainian potato pancakes.
- Salo - Cured or salted pork fatback, traditionally served with garlic, pepper, and bread.
- Smetana - Sour cream used widely in Ukrainian cooking.
- Kasha - Grain porridge, often made from buckwheat; usually limited on keto.
- Kutia - Sweet grain dish often made with wheat berries, poppy seeds, and honey; not keto without major changes.
- Uzvar - Traditional dried fruit drink; usually high in sugar unless unsweetened and used sparingly.
- Low-carb substitute - Ingredient used to replace high-carbohydrate foods.
Keto principles for Ukrainian cooking[edit]
Keto Ukrainian foods generally follow these principles:
- Limit potatoes, bread, wheat flour, buckwheat, rice, beans, honey, sugar, sweet fruit, and starchy dumpling dough.
- Use moderate protein from pork, beef, chicken, turkey, fish, eggs, sausage, and cheese.
- Use traditional fats such as salo, lard, butter, sour cream, cream, cheese, and pork fat in sensible portions.
- Emphasize low-carb vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, zucchini, cucumber, spinach, mushrooms, radish, green beans, lettuce, broccoli, turnip, and sauerkraut.
- Use Ukrainian flavorings such as dill, garlic, parsley, black pepper, bay leaf, paprika, caraway, vinegar, mustard, and horseradish.
- Replace rice, buckwheat, and potato fillings with cauliflower rice, minced mushrooms, cabbage, cheese, egg, or ground meat.
- Use almond flour, coconut flour, psyllium husk, egg, or fathead dough for low-carb dumpling or pancake-style recipes.
- Monitor electrolytes, fiber, hydration, sodium, potassium, and magnesium, especially during early keto-adaptation.
Common keto Ukrainian ingredients[edit]
Proteins[edit]
Dairy and fats[edit]
- Sour cream
- Butter
- Cream
- Cream cheese
- Farmer cheese
- Cottage cheese
- Cheese
- Lard
- Salo
- Pork fat
- Mayonnaise
- Greek yogurt without added sugar
Low-carb vegetables[edit]
- Cabbage
- Cauliflower
- Zucchini
- Cucumber
- Mushrooms
- Sauerkraut
- Pickled cucumbers
- Radish
- Spinach
- Kale
- Broccoli
- Green beans
- Lettuce
- Turnip
- Celery
- Asparagus
- Tomato in moderate portions
- Beetroot in small portions
- Carrot in small portions
- Onion in small portions
Herbs, spices, and flavorings[edit]
- Dill
- Garlic
- Parsley
- Bay leaf
- Black pepper
- Paprika
- Caraway
- Mustard
- Horseradish
- Vinegar
- Lemon juice
- Sea salt
- Chives
- Green onion in small portions
- Fermented foods
High-carbohydrate Ukrainian foods to modify or limit[edit]
Traditional Ukrainian foods often include high-carb ingredients that usually need modification for keto.
- Potatoes
- Bread
- Rye bread
- Wheat bread
- Pampushky
- Varenyky made with wheat flour
- Deruny made with potatoes
- Holubtsi with rice or buckwheat
- Buckwheat kasha
- Rice
- Noodles
- Wheat flour
- Pirozhki
- Nalysnyky made with wheat flour
- Pancakes
- Honey
- Sugar
- Jam
- Sweet kompot
- Sweet uzvar
- Kutia
- Medovik
- Poppy seed roll
- Fruit-filled dumplings
Keto substitutions for Ukrainian cuisine[edit]
| Traditional Ukrainian food | High-carb ingredient | Keto-friendly substitution |
|---|---|---|
| Borscht | Potatoes, beans, excess beetroot | Extra cabbage, meat, mushrooms, cauliflower, small beet portion, sour cream |
| Holubtsi | Rice or buckwheat | Cauliflower rice, minced mushrooms, cabbage, and ground meat |
| Varenyky | Wheat flour dough and potato filling | Fathead dough, almond flour dough, egg wraps, cheese filling, cabbage filling, or meat filling |
| Deruny | Potatoes and flour | Zucchini fritters, cauliflower fritters, cabbage pancakes, or turnip pancakes |
| Pampushky | Wheat flour bread | Garlic butter over cauliflower, low-carb rolls, or cheese bread alternatives |
| Kasha | Buckwheat or other grains | Cauliflower rice, hemp seed porridge, chia seed pudding, or shredded cabbage |
| Banosh | Cornmeal | Cauliflower mash with sour cream, cheese, and bacon |
| Nalysnyky | Wheat flour crêpes | Almond flour crêpes, egg wraps, or cheese-based wraps |
| Kutia | Wheat berries, honey, dried fruit | Chia seed or hemp seed pudding with poppy seed and low-carb sweetener |
| Sweet kompot | Sugar and dried fruit | Unsweetened berry herbal infusion or sparkling water with lemon |
Keto Ukrainian breakfast foods[edit]
- Eggs with salo, dill, and cucumber.
- Omelette with mushrooms, sour cream, and green onion.
- Farmer cheese bowl with sour cream, walnuts, and a few berries.
- Keto nalysnyky with almond flour crêpes and cheese filling.
- Scrambled eggs with kielbasa and cabbage.
- Zucchini deruny with sour cream.
- Cottage cheese pancakes made with almond flour or coconut flour.
- Smoked fish with cucumber, dill, and cream cheese.
- Greek yogurt without added sugar with chia seeds and cinnamon.
Keto Ukrainian lunch foods[edit]
- Keto borscht with cabbage, beef, small amount of beetroot, and sour cream.
- Holubtsi made with cauliflower rice and ground pork or beef.
- Cabbage and sausage skillet with dill.
- Chicken salad with sour cream, dill, cucumber, and radish.
- Herring salad without potatoes.
- Mushroom soup with cream and garlic.
- Cucumber and tomato salad in moderate portions with sour cream and dill.
- Pork cutlets without breadcrumbs served with sauerkraut.
- Egg salad with mayonnaise, mustard, and dill.
- Kielbasa with pickled cucumbers and cabbage slaw.
Keto Ukrainian dinner foods[edit]
- Roast pork with sauerkraut and mushrooms.
- Keto holubtsi with cauliflower rice.
- Chicken Kyiv-style baked chicken with garlic butter and almond flour coating.
- Beef stew with cabbage, mushrooms, and turnip.
- Pork and cabbage stew with sour cream.
- Fish baked with dill, butter, and lemon.
- Keto varenyky with cheese or cabbage filling.
- Zucchini deruny with sour cream and grilled meat.
- Meatballs in mushroom cream sauce with cauliflower mash.
- Duck or goose with braised cabbage.
- Keto borscht with beef and sour cream.
- Salo platter with eggs, cucumber, radish, and pickles.
Classic Ukrainian dishes adapted for keto[edit]
Keto borscht[edit]
Traditional borscht often includes beetroot, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, beans, and sometimes meat. A keto version keeps the sour-savory flavor but reduces starch.
Keto changes include:
- Use extra cabbage.
- Use beef, pork, or bone broth for depth.
- Use only a small amount of beetroot for color.
- Omit potatoes and beans.
- Add mushrooms, cauliflower, or zucchini.
- Finish with sour cream and dill.
Keto holubtsi[edit]
Holubtsi are Ukrainian cabbage rolls traditionally stuffed with rice, buckwheat, and meat. Keto holubtsi replace the grain with cauliflower rice or minced vegetables.
Keto filling ideas:
- Ground pork and cauliflower rice
- Ground beef and mushrooms
- Ground chicken with cabbage and dill
- Cheese and mushroom filling
- Sour cream tomato sauce without sugar
Keto varenyky[edit]
Traditional varenyky are dumplings made with wheat flour dough and filled with potato, cheese, cabbage, mushrooms, meat, or fruit. Keto varenyky require major modification.
Keto approaches include:
- Fathead dough wrappers.
- Almond flour dough.
- Thin egg wraps.
- Cabbage roll-style pockets.
- Cheese-filled baked dumplings.
- Meat-filled low-carb pierogi-style pockets.
- Mushroom and cabbage filling without potato.
Keto deruny[edit]
Deruny are Ukrainian potato pancakes. Keto versions use lower-carb vegetables.
Keto alternatives include:
- Zucchini deruny.
- Cauliflower fritters.
- Cabbage pancakes.
- Turnip pancakes in controlled portions.
- Mushroom and cheese fritters.
- Serve with sour cream, dill, and garlic.
Keto Chicken Kyiv[edit]
Chicken Kyiv is a breaded chicken dish filled with garlic butter. A keto version uses almond flour, pork rind crumbs, or parmesan cheese instead of breadcrumbs.
Keto serving ideas:
- Serve with cucumber salad.
- Serve with cauliflower mash.
- Serve with sauerkraut.
- Serve with green beans and butter.
Keto salo plate[edit]
A keto salo plate may include:
- Thin slices of salo
- Garlic
- Black pepper
- Pickled cucumbers
- Radish
- Dill
- Boiled eggs
- Cabbage salad
- Mustard or horseradish
Traditional rye bread is omitted or replaced with low-carb bread or cucumber slices.
Keto Ukrainian soups and stews[edit]
- Keto borscht
- Cabbage soup with pork
- Mushroom cream soup
- Chicken soup with cabbage instead of noodles
- Fish soup with dill
- Beef stew with turnip and mushrooms
- Sauerkraut soup without potatoes
- Pork and cabbage stew
- Cauliflower soup with sour cream
- Bone broth with garlic and dill
Keto Ukrainian appetizers and snacks[edit]
- Salo with garlic and pepper
- Pickled cucumbers
- Sauerkraut
- Cheese cubes
- Farmer cheese with dill
- Hard-boiled eggs
- Deviled eggs with mustard and dill
- Herring with sour cream
- Smoked fish
- Cucumber slices with cream cheese
- Radish with butter
- Mushroom pâté
- Chicken liver pâté
- Kielbasa slices
- Cabbage slaw with sour cream
Keto Ukrainian sauces and condiments[edit]
- Sour cream
- Dill sour cream sauce
- Garlic sour cream sauce
- Horseradish
- Mustard
- Mayonnaise
- Vinegar dressing
- Garlic butter
- Mushroom cream sauce
- Tomato sauce without added sugar
- Cabbage pickle brine in small amounts
- Fermented food brine in small amounts
Keto Ukrainian desserts[edit]
Traditional Ukrainian desserts often use wheat flour, honey, sugar, fruit, poppy seed, and sweet cheese fillings. Keto versions can use low-carb sweetener, almond flour, coconut flour, cream, eggs, farmer cheese, and small portions of berries.
- Keto syrniki with farmer cheese and almond flour.
- Keto cheese nalysnyky with almond flour crêpes.
- Cottage cheese bowl with sour cream, cinnamon, and low-carb sweetener.
- Keto poppy seed pudding with chia seeds or hemp seeds.
- Keto berry and sour cream dessert.
- Keto medovik-style almond flour cake without honey.
- Keto poppy seed roll-style loaf using almond flour.
- Keto baked cheese casserole without sugar.
- Keto uzvar-inspired unsweetened spiced herbal drink.
Keto Ukrainian drinks[edit]
- Still water
- Sparkling water
- Unsweetened tea
- Herbal tea
- Unsweetened coffee
- Bone broth
- Sugar-free electrolyte drink
- Unsweetened berry herbal infusion
- Cucumber and dill infused water
- Lemon water without sugar
Limit or avoid:
- Sweet kompot
- Sweet uzvar
- Kvass made with bread or sugar
- Sweetened tea
- Sweetened coffee drinks
- Fruit juice
- Sugary soft drinks
- Sweet liqueurs
- High-carbohydrate alcoholic drinks
Keto Ukrainian grocery list[edit]
Proteins[edit]
Dairy and fats[edit]
Vegetables[edit]
- Cabbage
- Cauliflower
- Zucchini
- Cucumber
- Mushrooms
- Sauerkraut
- Pickled cucumbers
- Radish
- Spinach
- Broccoli
- Green beans
- Turnip
- Celery
- Lettuce
- Tomatoes in moderate portions
- Beetroot in small portions
- Carrots in small portions
- Onion in small portions
Pantry items[edit]
Sample 7-day keto Ukrainian meal plan[edit]
This sample meal plan is for general educational use. Portions should be individualized based on body weight, calorie needs, net carbohydrate targets, blood glucose, medication use, physical activity, medical conditions, and personal preferences.
| Day | Breakfast | Lunch | Dinner | Snack or dessert |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Eggs with salo, cucumber, radish, and dill | Keto borscht with beef, cabbage, small amount of beetroot, and sour cream | Keto holubtsi with cauliflower rice, ground pork, and mushroom cream sauce | Farmer cheese with sour cream and walnuts |
| Day 2 | Mushroom and dill omelette with sour cream | Herring salad without potatoes, with egg, cucumber, and mayonnaise | Keto Chicken Kyiv with cauliflower mash and sauerkraut | Pickled cucumbers and cheese |
| Day 3 | Keto syrniki made with farmer cheese and almond flour | Cabbage and kielbasa skillet with mustard | Pork and cabbage stew with mushrooms | Keto poppy seed chia pudding |
| Day 4 | Scrambled eggs with sausage, spinach, and garlic | Mushroom cream soup with dill and grilled chicken | Keto varenyky with cheese and cabbage filling, served with sour cream | Cucumber slices with cream cheese |
| Day 5 | Smoked fish with cucumber, dill, and cream cheese | Chicken salad with sour cream, radish, cucumber, and dill | Beef stew with turnip, cabbage, mushrooms, and bay leaf | Cottage cheese with cinnamon and low-carb sweetener |
| Day 6 | Zucchini deruny with sour cream | Keto holubtsi leftovers with sauerkraut | Baked fish with dill butter, green beans, and cabbage salad | Salo plate with pickled cucumbers and radish |
| Day 7 | Keto cheese nalysnyky with sour cream | Keto borscht with pork, cabbage, mushrooms, and dill | Roast duck or chicken with braised cabbage and cauliflower mash | Keto berry and sour cream dessert |
Keto Ukrainian recipe ideas[edit]
Keto borscht[edit]
Ingredients:
- Beef or pork broth
- Cooked beef or pork
- Shredded cabbage
- Small amount of grated beetroot
- Mushrooms
- Cauliflower florets
- Garlic
- Bay leaf
- Dill
- Vinegar or lemon juice
- Sour cream
- Black pepper
- Sea salt
Method:
- Simmer broth with meat, bay leaf, garlic, and cabbage.
- Add a small amount of grated beetroot for traditional color and flavor.
- Add mushrooms and cauliflower instead of potatoes.
- Season with vinegar, salt, and black pepper.
- Serve with sour cream and fresh dill.
Keto holubtsi[edit]
Ingredients:
- Large cabbage leaves
- Ground pork or beef
- Cauliflower rice
- Minced mushrooms
- Garlic
- Small amount of onion
- Dill
- Sugar-free tomato sauce
- Sour cream
- Black pepper
Method:
- Soften cabbage leaves in hot water.
- Mix ground meat, cauliflower rice, mushrooms, garlic, dill, and seasoning.
- Fill cabbage leaves and roll tightly.
- Simmer in sugar-free tomato sauce with sour cream.
- Serve with extra dill.
Zucchini deruny[edit]
Ingredients:
- Grated zucchini
- Egg
- Almond flour
- Garlic
- Dill
- Salt
- Black pepper
- Butter or lard for frying
- Sour cream for serving
Method:
- Grate zucchini and squeeze out excess water.
- Mix with egg, almond flour, garlic, dill, salt, and pepper.
- Form small pancakes.
- Fry in butter or lard until golden.
- Serve with sour cream.
Keto Chicken Kyiv[edit]
Ingredients:
- Chicken breast
- Butter
- Garlic
- Dill or parsley
- Almond flour
- Crushed pork rinds or parmesan cheese
- Egg
- Salt
- Black pepper
Method:
- Mix softened butter with garlic and herbs.
- Stuff chicken breast with garlic herb butter.
- Dip in beaten egg.
- Coat with almond flour and crushed pork rinds or parmesan cheese.
- Bake or air fry until cooked through.
- Serve with cauliflower mash and cabbage salad.
Keto cheese nalysnyky[edit]
Ingredients:
- Eggs
- Cream cheese
- Almond flour
- Farmer cheese
- Sour cream
- Low-carb sweetener if making a sweet version
- Vanilla or dill, depending on sweet or savory style
Method:
- Make thin low-carb crêpes from eggs, cream cheese, and almond flour.
- Fill with farmer cheese mixed with sour cream.
- Use vanilla and sweetener for a dessert version or dill for a savory version.
- Roll and bake briefly with extra butter or sour cream.
Keto Ukrainian foods for weight loss[edit]
Keto Ukrainian foods may support weight loss when they reduce refined carbohydrate intake, improve satiety, and help lower total calorie intake. However, Ukrainian keto meals can be rich in salo, lard, sour cream, butter, cheese, and fatty meats, so portions still matter.
- Prioritize protein at each meal.
- Use fat for flavor and satiety, not unlimited calories.
- Include low-carb vegetables such as cabbage, cucumber, zucchini, and cauliflower.
- Limit keto desserts if weight loss plateau occurs.
- Watch portions of salo, lard, sour cream, cheese, and nuts.
- Choose baked, boiled, braised, roasted, or grilled dishes more often than deep-fried foods.
- Track net carbohydrate intake if ketosis is a goal.
- Track body weight, waist circumference, blood glucose, hunger, and energy level when relevant.
- Combine diet with physical activity, walking, and resistance training.
- Seek medical care for obesity-related conditions such as sleep apnea, hypertension, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and dyslipidemia.
Vegetarian keto Ukrainian foods[edit]
Vegetarian keto Ukrainian meals can be built around eggs, cheese, sour cream, butter, mushrooms, cabbage, cauliflower, zucchini, cucumber, radish, nuts, seeds, and low-carb vegetables.
- Mushroom and dill omelette.
- Keto syrniki with farmer cheese and almond flour.
- Cauliflower and cabbage borscht with sour cream.
- Vegetarian keto holubtsi with mushrooms and cauliflower rice.
- Zucchini deruny with sour cream.
- Cucumber and radish salad with dill.
- Sauerkraut salad with olive oil or mayonnaise.
- Mushroom cream soup.
- Keto cheese nalysnyky.
- Cabbage and mushroom skillet.
Budget keto Ukrainian foods[edit]
Keto Ukrainian cooking can be budget-friendly because many traditional ingredients are simple and filling.
Nutrition considerations[edit]
A keto Ukrainian diet can be satisfying and culturally familiar, but careful planning is important.
Potential benefits[edit]
- Lower carbohydrate intake.
- Reduced intake of refined starch and added sugar.
- Increased satiety from protein and fat.
- Possible weight loss for some people.
- Improved blood glucose control in selected people with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
- Use of fermented foods such as sauerkraut and pickled cucumbers.
- High use of flavorful herbs such as dill and garlic.
- Traditional soups and stews that can be adapted with low-carb vegetables.
Potential concerns[edit]
- Low fiber intake if vegetables are inadequate.
- High saturated fat intake if based heavily on salo, lard, butter, and fatty meats.
- Increased LDL cholesterol in some individuals.
- Constipation.
- Electrolyte shifts during early keto-adaptation.
- Micronutrient gaps if fruit, legumes, whole grains, and many vegetables are removed without replacement.
- High sodium intake from cured and pickled foods.
- Difficulty maintaining the diet long term.
- Risk of hypoglycemia in people taking insulin or sulfonylureas.
- Not appropriate for some medical conditions without supervision.
Who should seek medical advice before starting keto[edit]
Medical guidance is especially important for people with:
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes using insulin or sulfonylureas
- Chronic kidney disease
- Liver disease
- Pancreatitis
- Gallbladder disease
- Pregnancy
- Breastfeeding
- History of eating disorder
- Gout
- Familial hypercholesterolemia
- History of kidney stones
- Children or adolescents
- People taking blood pressure medications
- People taking diabetes medications
- People with complex medical conditions
Related regional keto foods[edit]
See also[edit]
- Ketogenic diet
- Low-carbohydrate diet
- Ukrainian cuisine
- Eastern European cuisine
- Borscht
- Varenyky
- Holubtsi
- Deruny
- Salo
- Cabbage
- Sauerkraut
- Sour cream
- Dill
- Garlic
- Cauliflower rice
- Low-carb vegetables
- Obesity
- Weight loss
- Medical weight loss
- Body weight
- Type 2 diabetes
- Insulin resistance
- Metabolic syndrome
- Fatty liver disease
- Healthy eating
- Nutrition
- Diet
- Meal planning
- Keto meal plan
Further reading[edit]
- The Ketogenic Diet: Clinical Applications, Evidence-based Therapeutic Approaches, and Future Directions(link). StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.
- Low-Carbohydrate Diet(link). StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.
- Wikimedia Commons - Cuisine of Ukraine(link). Wikimedia Commons.
- Ukrainian Borsch with Pampushky in Zaporizhia(link). Wikimedia Commons.
- Holubtsi, Ukrainian cabbage rolls stuffed with rice and meat(link). Wikimedia Commons.
- Salo with pepper, salt and garlic(link). Wikimedia Commons.
- Deruny - Ukrainian potato pancakes(link). Wikimedia Commons.
- "Ketogenic Diet: A Review of Composition Diversity and Potential Health Benefits and Risks".Nutrients.2024;PMC:11511599.
- "Obesity Energetics: Body Weight Regulation and the Effects of Diet Composition".Gastroenterology.2017;152(7)
External links[edit]
- NCBI Bookshelf - Ketogenic Diet
- NCBI Bookshelf - Low-Carbohydrate Diet
- Wikimedia Commons - Cuisine of Ukraine
- Wikimedia Commons - Borscht
- Wikimedia Commons - Varenyky
- Wikimedia Commons - Cabbage rolls
- Wikimedia Commons - Salo
- Wikimedia Commons - Deruny
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