Aminoglycoside antibiotic

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that are particularly effective against certain types of bacteria. They are named for their chemical structure, which includes an amino-modified sugar.

History

The first aminoglycoside, streptomycin, was discovered in 1943. It was the first antibiotic found to be effective against tuberculosis. Since then, several other aminoglycosides have been discovered, including neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin.

Mechanism of Action

Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial ribosome, a cellular structure that synthesizes proteins. This binding interferes with the bacteria's ability to produce proteins, which is essential for its growth and survival.

Uses

Aminoglycosides are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including sepsis, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. They are often used in combination with other antibiotics to increase their effectiveness.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of aminoglycosides include kidney damage and hearing loss. These side effects are more likely to occur in patients who have pre-existing kidney disease or who are taking other medications that can damage the kidneys.

Resistance

Bacterial resistance to aminoglycosides is a growing concern. Resistance can occur through several mechanisms, including changes in the bacterial ribosome that prevent the antibiotic from binding, or the production of enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic.

See Also

• Antibiotics
• Bacterial resistance
• Streptomycin
• Neomycin
• Kanamycin
• Gentamicin