Red man syndrome (Drug eruption)

Red man syndrome (RMS), also known as Drug eruption, is a reaction to certain medications, most notably vancomycin, a type of antibiotic. It is characterized by flushing and/or an itchy rash on the face, neck, and upper body, hence the name "Red man syndrome".

Causes

Red man syndrome is primarily caused by the rapid infusion of the antibiotic vancomycin. Other medications, such as ciprofloxacin, amphotericin B, and rifampicin, have also been known to cause RMS. The reaction is thought to be due to the release of histamine from mast cells in the body.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Red man syndrome typically occur within 4 to 10 minutes of drug infusion and may include flushing, rash, itching, a rapid heart rate (tachycardia), and a drop in blood pressure (hypotension). The rash is usually bright red and can cover the entire body, but it is most commonly seen on the face, neck, and upper body.

Treatment

Treatment for Red man syndrome typically involves stopping the medication causing the reaction and treating the symptoms. Antihistamines may be used to alleviate itching and rash. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of Red man syndrome primarily involves the slow administration of the causative drug. Pre-treatment with antihistamines can also help prevent the reaction.

See also

• Drug eruption
• Vancomycin
• Histamine
• Mast cell

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