Oesophagus

Oesophagus (or Esophagus in American English) is a part of the digestive system that connects the throat to the stomach. It is a muscular tube that contracts to push food down into the stomach after it has been swallowed.

Anatomy

The oesophagus is approximately 25 centimeters long and is located behind the heart and in front of the spine. It passes through the diaphragm before entering the stomach. The oesophagus is lined with mucous membranes and surrounded by muscle that contracts in a wave-like motion, known as peristalsis, to push food down into the stomach.

Function

The primary function of the oesophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. This is achieved through the process of swallowing and peristalsis. The oesophagus also plays a role in preventing reflux, or the backward flow of stomach acid, through the lower oesophageal sphincter.

Diseases and conditions

There are several diseases and conditions that can affect the oesophagus, including:

• Oesophageal cancer: A type of cancer that can occur anywhere along the oesophagus.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the oesophagus.
• Achalasia: A rare disorder that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass into the stomach.
• Oesophageal varices: Swollen veins in the lower part of the oesophagus, often associated with liver disease.
• Barrett's oesophagus: A condition where the tissue lining the oesophagus changes to tissue similar to the lining of the intestine.

See also

• Digestive system
• Stomach
• Throat

Oesophagus Resources
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