Fosfomycin tromethamine

Fosfomycin tromethamine is a phosphonic acid derivative and a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water. Fosfomycin tromethamine is used to treat urinary tract infections caused by certain types of bacteria.

History

Fosfomycin was first isolated in 1969 from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The tromethamine salt form was later developed to increase the drug's solubility in water.

Mechanism of action

Fosfomycin tromethamine works by inhibiting the enzyme MurA, which is involved in the first step of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This results in the disruption of the bacterial cell wall, leading to the death of the bacteria.

Clinical use

Fosfomycin tromethamine is primarily used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. It is administered as a single-dose therapy, which has been shown to be as effective as multi-dose therapy with other antibiotics.

Side effects

Common side effects of fosfomycin tromethamine include diarrhea, nausea, headache, and vaginal itching or discharge. Serious side effects are rare, but can include severe allergic reactions, unusual tiredness, or easy bruising or bleeding.

Resistance

Resistance to fosfomycin tromethamine can occur through several mechanisms, including modification of the target enzyme MurA, reduced uptake of the drug into the bacterial cell, and increased efflux of the drug out of the cell.

See also

• Phosphonic acid
• Antibiotic resistance
• Urinary tract infection

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