Lower esophageal sphincter
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
The Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) is a bundle of muscles at the low end of the esophagus, where it meets the stomach. When the LES is closed, it prevents acid and stomach contents from traveling backwards from the stomach. The LES muscles are not under voluntary control.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of the LES is to prevent gastroesophageal reflux (GER). It does this by closing the pathway back into the esophagus after food has passed into the stomach.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
If the LES is weak or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can flow back up into the esophagus, causing heartburn and potentially damaging the esophageal lining. This condition is known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of LES dysfunction is complex and usually requires endoscopy, manometry, and pH monitoring.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for LES dysfunction typically involves lifestyle changes and medications. Surgery may be considered in severe cases.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
