Propanolol

Propranolol is a medication in the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors. It is used to prevent further heart problems in those with angina pectoris or previous heart attacks. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. The formulation that is taken by mouth comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken by mouth.

Medical uses

Propranolol is used for treating various conditions, including:

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Anxiety disorders
• Certain types of tremors
• Migraine prevention
• Certain types of heart rhythm disorders
• Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
• Pheochromocytoma

Side effects

Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. It can also cause low blood sugar in people with diabetes. Serious side effects may include heart failure, sinus bradycardia, and bronchospasm.

Mechanism of action

Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker; it blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors. It has membrane stabilizing effect on the heart and reduces the effect of nerve impulses passing through to the heart muscle.

History

Propranolol was discovered in 1964 by James W. Black, a Scottish pharmacologist. It was the first successful beta blocker developed. Propranolol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1967.

See also

• Beta blocker
• Pharmacology
• Cardiovascular disease

Propanolol Resources
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