JWH-416

JWH-416 is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts as a potent agonist of the cannabinoid receptors. It is part of the naphthoylindole family of compounds, which were first synthesized by John W. Huffman and his team at Clemson University.

Chemical Structure and Properties

JWH-416 is chemically classified as a naphthoylindole, with the IUPAC name (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone. The compound features a fluorinated pentyl chain, which is a common modification in synthetic cannabinoids to enhance their binding affinity and potency at the cannabinoid receptors.

The molecular formula of JWH-416 is C₂₄H₂₂FNO, and it has a molar mass of 359.44 g/mol. The presence of the fluorine atom in the pentyl chain is a notable feature that distinguishes it from other similar compounds.

Pharmacology

JWH-416 acts as a full agonist at the CB₁ and CB₂ cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are part of the endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes including pain sensation, mood, and appetite.

The binding affinity of JWH-416 to the CB₁ receptor is high, which contributes to its potent psychoactive effects. The compound's interaction with the CB₂ receptor is also significant, although the physiological implications of this interaction are less well understood.

Legal Status

The legal status of JWH-416 varies by country. In many jurisdictions, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and lack of accepted medical use. The compound is often included in legislation targeting synthetic cannabinoids and "designer drugs."

Health Effects and Risks

The use of JWH-416, like other synthetic cannabinoids, can pose significant health risks. Adverse effects may include tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations, and psychosis. Long-term use can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

Research and Applications

JWH-416, along with other synthetic cannabinoids, has been used in research to better understand the endocannabinoid system and the effects of cannabinoid receptor activation. However, due to its potential for abuse, research is often limited to controlled settings.

Also see

• Synthetic cannabinoids
• Cannabinoid receptor
• John W. Huffman
• Endocannabinoid system