Dextroamphetamine sulfate

Dextroamphetamine sulfate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and an amphetamine enantiomer that is prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. Dextroamphetamine is a more potent agonist of the central nervous system (CNS) than its racemic or levo counterparts. It functions by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which contributes to its stimulating effects.

Medical Uses

Dextroamphetamine sulfate is primarily used in the treatment of ADHD, where it has been found to improve focus, concentration, and behavioral control. It is also prescribed for narcolepsy, a sleep disorder, to help patients stay awake during the day. In addition to these uses, dextroamphetamine may be used off-label for the treatment of obesity and certain types of depression where other treatments have failed.

Side Effects

The use of dextroamphetamine sulfate can lead to a range of side effects, which can vary in severity. Common side effects include insomnia, dry mouth, loss of appetite, weight loss, increased heart rate, and anxiety. More severe side effects may include psychosis, heart problems, and addiction. The risk of experiencing side effects can be increased by misuse of the drug, such as taking higher doses than prescribed or using it without a prescription.

Mechanism of Action

Dextroamphetamine exerts its effects primarily through the increased release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, leading to heightened alertness, attention, and energy levels. It also inhibits the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, further amplifying its effects.

Pharmacokinetics

Dextroamphetamine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1-3 hours after oral administration. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. The half-life of dextroamphetamine is approximately 10-13 hours, though this can vary based on individual factors such as age, metabolism, and organ function.

Legal Status

The legal status of dextroamphetamine varies by country. In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act, indicating it has a high potential for abuse and dependence but can be prescribed for medical use. Similar regulations exist in other countries, with strict controls over its prescription and distribution.

See Also

• Amphetamine
• Stimulant
• Neurotransmitter
• Controlled Substances Act

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