Cephamycins
An overview of cephamycins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics
Cephamycins are a subgroup of beta-lactam antibiotics that are closely related to cephalosporins. They are derived from the bacterium Streptomyces and are known for their resistance to beta-lactamase enzymes produced by certain bacteria. This makes them particularly useful in treating infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing organisms.
Structure and Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Cephamycins, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, contain a beta-lactam ring in their molecular structure. This ring is crucial for their antibacterial activity. Cephamycins work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which leads to the disruption of cell wall synthesis and ultimately causes bacterial cell death.
The distinguishing feature of cephamycins compared to cephalosporins is the presence of a methoxy group at the 7-alpha position of the beta-lactam ring. This structural modification enhances their stability against beta-lactamase enzymes.
Clinical Uses[edit | edit source]
Cephamycins are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by anaerobic bacteria and Gram-negative organisms. They are effective against organisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacteroides fragilis.
Some common cephamycins include:
- Cefoxitin
- Cefotetan
These antibiotics are often used in surgical prophylaxis and in the treatment of intra-abdominal and pelvic infections.
Resistance[edit | edit source]
While cephamycins are resistant to many beta-lactamases, some bacteria have developed mechanisms to resist their effects. This includes the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and alterations in penicillin-binding proteins.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Like other antibiotics, cephamycins can cause side effects. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Allergic reactions, though less common, can also occur.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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