Cefonicid sodium

Cefonicid sodium
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration	Intravenous, Intramuscular
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life	4.5 hours
Excretion	Renal
Legal status
CAS Number	61270-58-4
PubChem	441130
DrugBank	DB01329
ChemSpider	390011
KEGG	D07655

Cefonicid sodium is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. It is administered via intravenous or intramuscular routes and is known for its broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Cefonicid sodium works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which are essential for the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer. This inhibition leads to the weakening of the cell wall and ultimately causes bacterial cell lysis and death.

Pharmacokinetics

Cefonicid sodium is highly protein-bound, with approximately 98% of the drug bound to plasma proteins. It has a relatively long elimination half-life of about 4.5 hours, allowing for less frequent dosing compared to other cephalosporins. The drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, making renal function an important consideration in dosing.

Clinical Uses

Cefonicid sodium is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Septicemia

Administration

Cefonicid sodium is administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's renal function.

Adverse Effects

Common adverse effects of cefonicid sodium include:

• Hypersensitivity reactions, such as rash, pruritus, and anaphylaxis
• Gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Hematologic effects, such as eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia

Contraindications

Cefonicid sodium is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or any component of the formulation. Caution is advised in patients with a history of penicillin allergy due to potential cross-reactivity.

Interactions

Cefonicid sodium may interact with other medications, including:

• Aminoglycosides: Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
• Probenecid: May increase serum levels of cefonicid by decreasing renal excretion.

See Also

• Cephalosporin
• Antibiotic

External Links

• Drugs.com
• MedlinePlus