Psychotropic agent

Psychotropic agent or psychotropic drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. These substances may be used recreationally, to purposefully alter one's consciousness, or therapeutically as medication.

Classification

Psychotropic agents can be classified into several categories based on their pharmacological action, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, and stimulants. Each of these categories contains a variety of drugs, each with its own mechanism of action, side effects, and contraindications.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants are used to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders. They work by affecting the chemicals in the brain known as neurotransmitters.

Antipsychotics

Antipsychotics are used to manage psychosis, including schizophrenia, delusional disorder, and bipolar disorder. They work by blocking the effect of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain.

Anxiolytics

Anxiolytics are used to treat anxiety disorders. They work by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain.

Mood Stabilizers

Mood stabilizers are used to treat bipolar disorder. They work by decreasing abnormal activity in the brain and are often used in combination with other medications.

Stimulants

Stimulants are used to treat conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They work by increasing activity in the brain, particularly in areas that play a part in controlling attention and behavior.

Side Effects

The side effects of psychotropic agents can vary widely depending on the specific drug and the individual taking it. Common side effects can include dizziness, nausea, changes in appetite, and changes in mood. More serious side effects can include suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, and severe allergic reactions.

See Also

• Pharmacology
• Psychiatry
• Neurotransmitter
• Psychoactive drug