Glossary of Pathology

Amyloidosis - A condition marked by the accumulation of Amyloid proteins in organs, which can lead to organ dysfunction.
Anemia - A deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells, which can impair oxygen delivery to the body's tissues.
Aplasia - The absence of an organ or tissue due to a failure in development, often related to genetic anomalies.
Benign - A term describing a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous and unlikely to spread (metastasize).
Biopsy - The removal and examination of tissue from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.
Bronchitis - Inflammation of the lining of the Bronchi, often associated with cough and production of sputum.
Carcinoma - A type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys.
Cystic Fibrosis - An inherited disorder affecting the Exocrine Glands, leading to the production of abnormally thick mucus.
Cytology - The study of cells, including their function, structure, and life cycle, often used in cancer screening and diagnosis.
Diabetes Mellitus - A group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.
Dysplasia - Abnormal growth or development of cells, tissues, or organs, often indicating a precancerous condition.
Edema - Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, commonly seen in congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome.
Embolism - The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clotted blood or other foreign matter brought to the site by the blood current.
Fatty liver - A build-up of fats in the liver cells, which can be caused by alcohol abuse or other conditions like Metabolic Syndrome.
Fibrosis - The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or inflammation.
Gangrene - The death of body tissue due to either a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection.
Glomerulonephritis - A range of kidney conditions characterized by inflammation of the Glomeruli, affecting the organ's ability to filter waste.
Hemophilia - A rare disorder in which blood doesn't clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins (Clotting Factors).
Hyperplasia - An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, often a response to increased demand or hormonal stimulation.
Immunodeficiency - A state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases is compromised or entirely absent.
Ischemia - An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.
Jaundice - Yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess Bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, liver disease, or excessive breakdown of red blood cells.
Karyotype - The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
Leukemia - A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the overproduction of white blood cells.
Lupus - A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation and damage to various body parts including the skin, joints, and organs.
Melanoma - A serious form of skin cancer that begins in cells known as Melanocytes, which control the pigment in your skin.
Metaplasia - A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type, often due to chronic irritation or inflammation.
Necrosis - The death of cells or tissues through disease or injury, which can lead to tissue degradation.
Nephrotic syndrome - A kidney disorder causing the body to excrete too much protein in the urine.
Osteoporosis - A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, often due to hormonal changes or deficiency of Calcium or Vitamin D.
Otitis Media - An infection of the air-filled space behind the eardrum (the middle ear), common in young children.
Pancreatitis - Inflammation of the Pancreas, which can be acute or chronic and may cause severe abdominal pain.
Polycythemia Vera - A rare blood disorder in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells, thickening the blood and slowing its flow.
Quadriplegia - Paralysis of all four limbs; typically the result of a severe spinal cord injury.
Rhabdomyolysis - A serious syndrome due to direct or indirect muscle injury, resulting from the death of muscle fibers and release of their contents into the bloodstream.
Rheumatoid arthritis - A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.
Sarcoma - A type of cancer that originates in the supportive and connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, and blood vessels.
Sepsis - A potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection, which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.
Thrombocytopenia - A condition in which you have a low blood Platelet count, which can lead to increased bleeding and bruising.
Tuberculosis - A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
Ulcer - A break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration, and necrosis of epithelial tissue.
Uremia - A condition involving abnormally high levels of waste products in the blood, typically due to underlying renal failure.
Uterine fibroids - Benign tumors that originate from the muscle layer (Myometrium) of the uterus.
Vasculitis - Refers to the inflammation of blood vessels, which can disrupt blood flow and damage vital organs and tissues.
Virology - The study of viruses and virus-like agents, including their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, cultivation, and genetics.
Vulvar cancer - A rare type of cancer that occurs on the outer surface area of the female genitalia.
Wet mount - A laboratory technique for preparing specimens for examination by suspending them in a suitable liquid.
Wound healing - A complex process in which the Skin and tissues under it repair themselves after injury.
X-linked disorders - Genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes on the X Chromosome, often affecting males more severely.
Xanthoma - A condition characterized by fatty growths beneath the skin, often indicating underlying lipid metabolism disorders.
Yeast infection - An infection usually caused by the fungus Candida albicans; commonly affecting the vaginal area, but can also affect other moist areas of the body.
Yolk Sac Tumor - A rare, malignant tumor of cells that line the yolk sac of the embryo, part of a group of tumors called germ cell tumors.
Ziehl-Neelsen stain - A staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria, most importantly Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Zoonosis - An infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans; important examples include Rabies, Ebola, and HIV.

Glossary of Pathology[edit | edit source]

Pathology is the study of diseases and their effects on the body. This glossary provides an overview of terms commonly used in the field of pathology.

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