DXM

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a medication most commonly used as a cough suppressant in over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. It is used to temporarily relieve cough caused by the common cold, the flu, or other conditions. DXM is found in a variety of forms including syrups, tablets, and lozenges. It is often combined with other medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, and pain relievers.

Medical Uses

DXM is primarily used to suppress coughs through its action on the central nervous system. It affects the signals in the brain that trigger cough reflex. Unlike some other cough suppressants, DXM does not have addictive properties and does not cause drowsiness.

Pharmacology

DXM acts as a NMDA receptor antagonist at high doses, which can produce effects similar to those of other dissociative anesthetic drugs such as ketamine or phencyclidine (PCP). It also acts on other neurotransmitter systems, which can contribute to its side effects.

Side Effects

Common side effects of DXM include dizziness, nausea, and gastrointestinal disturbances. At higher doses, DXM can cause altered perception, visual disturbances, and confusion. Due to its dissociative effects, it has potential for abuse, known colloquially as "robo-tripping" or "dexing."

Abuse and Regulation

Due to its potential for abuse, especially among teenagers, some regions have regulated the sale of DXM-containing products by requiring identification or limiting the amount that can be purchased at one time.

Legal Status

In many countries, DXM is available over the counter, though it is regulated in some jurisdictions. The legal status of DXM varies by country, with some requiring prescriptions or placing restrictions on sales to minors.

See Also

• Cough medicine
• NMDA receptor antagonist
• Recreational drug use