CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1

CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (also known as CX3CR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CX3CR1 gene. It is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, and plays a crucial role in the immune system.

Structure

The CX3CR1 gene is located on the third chromosome (3p21.3) in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for the chemokine fractalkine, and is structurally composed of seven transmembrane domains, characteristic of G protein-coupled receptors.

Function

CX3CR1 is expressed on the surface of certain leukocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and T cells. It interacts with its ligand, fractalkine, to mediate leukocyte migration and adhesion, playing a key role in the immune response to inflammation and injury.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the CX3CR1 gene have been associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to AIDS. Additionally, variations in this gene are thought to be linked with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision loss in older adults.

Research

Research into CX3CR1 has potential implications for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

See also

• Chemokine receptor
• Fractalkine
• G protein-coupled receptor