Tramadol hydrochloride

Tramadol hydrochloride is a prescription medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is classified as an opioid analgesic, although it is considered to have a lower potential for abuse compared to other opioids. Tramadol hydrochloride works by altering the way the brain and nervous system respond to pain.

Mechanism of Action

Tramadol hydrochloride functions by binding to the mu-opioid receptor in the brain, which helps to reduce the perception of pain. Additionally, it inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters that play a role in pain modulation.

Indications

Tramadol hydrochloride is indicated for the management of moderate to moderately severe pain in adults. It is often prescribed for conditions such as chronic pain, post-surgical pain, and pain associated with arthritis.

Dosage and Administration

Tramadol hydrochloride is available in various forms, including immediate-release and extended-release tablets. The dosage is typically individualized based on the severity of pain and the patient's response to treatment. It is important to follow the prescribing physician's instructions to minimize the risk of side effects and dependence.

Side Effects

Common side effects of tramadol hydrochloride include:

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Constipation
• Headache
• Drowsiness

Serious side effects may include:

• Seizures
• Serotonin syndrome
• Respiratory depression
• Addiction

Contraindications

Tramadol hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with:

• Severe respiratory depression
• Acute or severe bronchial asthma
• Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction
• Hypersensitivity to tramadol or any component of the product

Interactions

Tramadol hydrochloride can interact with other medications, including:

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Other opioids
• Alcohol

Warnings and Precautions

Patients should be monitored for signs of respiratory depression, especially within the first 24-72 hours of initiating therapy or following a dosage increase. Tramadol hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with a history of substance abuse or mental health disorders.

Related Pages

• Opioid
• Pain management
• Serotonin syndrome
• Chronic pain
• Analgesic

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