MMP8
| MMDA_structure.png Chemical structure of MMDA | |
MMDA (3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine) is a psychedelic and empathogen of the amphetamine class. It is chemically related to MDA and MDMA, and is known for its psychoactive effects.
History[edit | edit source]
MMDA was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, a renowned chemist known for his work with psychoactive compounds. Shulgin documented the synthesis and effects of MMDA in his book PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story.
Chemistry[edit | edit source]
MMDA is a derivative of amphetamine and is structurally similar to MDA and MDMA. It contains a methoxy group at the 3-position and a methylenedioxy group at the 4,5-positions of the phenyl ring. The chemical formula is C11H15NO3.
Pharmacology[edit | edit source]
MMDA acts primarily as a serotonin releasing agent, similar to other compounds in the MDxx class. It is known to produce effects such as altered perception, mood enhancement, and increased empathy. The exact mechanism of action involves the release of serotonin and possibly other neurotransmitters.
Effects[edit | edit source]
The effects of MMDA can include:
- Altered sensory perception
- Enhanced mood and empathy
- Visual and auditory hallucinations
- Increased energy and euphoria
The duration of effects typically lasts 4-6 hours, with onset occurring within 30-60 minutes after ingestion.
Legal Status[edit | edit source]
MMDA is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, meaning it is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, or distribute without a DEA license. It is similarly controlled in many other countries.
Safety and Toxicity[edit | edit source]
There is limited data on the toxicity of MMDA, but it is generally considered to have a safety profile similar to other psychedelic amphetamines. Potential risks include serotonin syndrome, cardiovascular effects, and psychological distress.
Research[edit | edit source]
Research on MMDA is limited, but it has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects in psychotherapy, similar to MDMA. However, due to its legal status, research is restricted.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
