Glossary of health conditions

This glossary provides definitions and information on various health conditions affecting the human body. It serves as a quick reference for understanding these conditions.

A

• Asthma - A chronic respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing.
• Alzheimer's Disease - A progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss and cognitive decline.

B

• Bronchitis - Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.
• Bipolar Disorder - A mental disorder causing periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood.

C

• Cancer - A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
• Celiac Disease - An immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.

D

• Diabetes - A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose).
• Dyslexia - A learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words.

E

• Epilepsy - A neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
• Endometriosis - A painful disorder in which tissue similar to the tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — grows outside your uterus.

F

• Fibromyalgia - A chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.
• Fatty Liver Disease - A condition where excess fat builds up in the liver.

G

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - A digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.
• Glaucoma - A group of eye conditions that can cause blindness by damaging the nerve at the back of the eye (optic nerve).

H

• Hypertension - Also known as high blood pressure, a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure.
• HIV/AIDS - Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the HIV virus.

I

• Influenza - A viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose, throat, and lungs.
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - An intestinal disorder causing pain in the belly, gas, diarrhea, and constipation.

J

• Jaundice - Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood.

K

• Kidney Stones - Hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.

L

• Leukemia - A type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells.
• Lupus - A systemic autoimmune disease that occurs when your body's immune system attacks your own tissues and organs.

M

• Migraine - A headache of varying intensity, often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound.
• Multiple Sclerosis - A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves.

N

• Nephritis - Inflammation of the kidneys that can lead to kidney failure.
• Neuropathy - Damage or dysfunction of one or more nerves, typically causing numbness or weakness.

O

• Osteoporosis - A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue.

P

• Parkinson's Disease - A progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement.
• Psoriasis - A skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp.

Q

• Quadriplegia - Paralysis of all four limbs; tetraplegia.

R

• Rheumatoid Arthritis - A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.

S

• Stroke - Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply.
• Scoliosis - A sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty.

T

• Tuberculosis - A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
• Tinnitus - Ringing or buzzing noise in one or both ears that may be constant or come and go, often associated with hearing loss.

U

• Ulcerative Colitis - A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
• Urticaria - Also known as hives, a rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely, sometimes with dangerous swelling.

V

• Varicella - Also known as chickenpox, a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus.

W

• Whooping Cough - Also known as pertussis, a highly contagious respiratory tract infection.

X

• Xerophthalmia - A medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears.

Y

• Yellow Fever - A viral infection spread by a particular species of mosquito.

Z

• Zika Virus - A disease caused by Zika virus that's spread through mosquito bites.

Terms that need improvement

• ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) deficiency - Too little ACTH produced by the pituitary.
• ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) - Hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It stimulates.
• AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) - Major failure of body's immune system.
• Abell-Kendall modification - Modification of a lab test developed by Drs. Abell and Kendall.
• Abruptio placenta - Separation of the placenta from the uterus during the last trimester of pregnancy.
• Abscess - Swollen, inflamed, tender area of infection filled with pus.
• Achalasia - Condition of the esophagus that disrupts normal swallowing.
• Acid-base imbalance - Imbalance that occurs when body retains too much acid or too much base.
• Acidosis, metabolic - Too much acid in the body due to loss of base.
• Acidosis, respiratory - Too much acid in the body due to accumulation of excess carbon dioxide.
• Acidosis - Pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of too much acid in the body.
• Acromegaly - Condition that afflicts middle-aged people. Characterized by a gradual, marked.
• Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) - Disease of porphyrin metabolism. Symptoms include recurrent.
• Acute pulmonary edema - Set of dramatic, life-threatening symptoms, including extreme shortness of.
• Acute - Beginning suddenly. Severe but of short duration.
• Addison's disease (Adrenal insufficiency) - Condition caused by inactive or underactive adrenal.
• Adenocarcinoma - Any of a large group of cancerous tumors of a gland or gland tissue.
• Adenoma - Benign tumor of glandular cells. May cause excess hormone secretion by the affected.
• Adhesions - Small strands of fibrous tissue that cause organs in the abdomen and pelvis to cling.
• Adrenal cortex - Outer layer of the adrenal gland. Secretes various hormones including cortisone.
• Adrenal hyperplasia - Abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in the adrenal gland(s).
• Adrenal insufficiency - See Addison's disease.
• Adrenal medulla tumors (Pheochromocytoma) - Tumors of the medulla, an inner layer of the adrenal.
• Adrenal medulla - Middle part of the adrenal gland. Secretes epinephrine (adrenalin) and.
• Adrenal - Pertaining to one or both glands located adjacent to the kidneys. These glands secrete many.
• Adrenocortical hyperplasia - Increase in the number of cells of the adrenal cortex. Adrenal cortex.
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency - Not enough ACTH is produced by the pituitary gland.
• Adrenoleukodystrophy - Disturbance in brain substance caused by abnormal function of the adrenal.
• Agglutination - Clumping together.
• Ahaptoglobulinemia - Without haptoglobin in the blood. Condition is often seen with hemolytic.
• Alcohol cardiomyopathy - Disease of the myocardium (muscle layer) of the heart, due to chronic.
• Alcoholic polymyopathy - Disease affecting several muscles simultaneously. Caused by alcoholism.
• Aldosteronism, primary - Overproduction of aldosterone, which is secreted by adrenal glands.
• Alkalosis, metabolic - Abnormal condition in which body fluids are more alkaline than normal. Can.
• Alkalosis, respiratory - abdominal pain, diarrhea, appetite loss and brown skin. Abnormal condition.
• Alveolar edema - Swelling of the smallest branches of the bronchial tubes (alveoli).
• Ambiguous genitalia - External genitals that are not normal for the sex.
• Amblyopias - Reduced vision in an eye that appears to be normal when examined with an.
• Amenorrhea - There are two categories of amenorrhea. In primary amenorrhea, menstruation has not.
• Amine - Organic chemical compound containing nitrogen.
• Amino acids - Organic chemical compounds. They are the chief components of all proteins. The body.
• Ampulla of Vater - Enlarged area where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct come together.
• Amyloid infiltration - See Amyloidosis.
• Amyloid - Starchy substance.
• Amyloidosis - Disease in which a waxy, starchlike, translucent material accumulates in tissues and.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease) - Progressive breakdown of spinal.
• Anaphylaxis (Allergic shock) - Severe,life-threatening allergic response to medications or other.
• Andrenogenital syndrome - Endocrine disorder resulting from adrenocortical hyperplasia. See.
• Androgenic arrhenoblastoma - Ovarian tumor in which cells resemble.
• Anemia, aplastic - Serious disease characterized by decreased bone marrow production of all blood.
• Anemia, autoimmune hemolytic - Anemia due to the breakdown of an individual's blood cells by his.
• Anemia, chronic hemolytic - Anemia caused by an inherited disorder, such as hereditary.
• Anemia, diserythropoietic - Any anemia caused by a disorder that diminishes the body's normal.
• Anemia, hemolytic - Anemia due to the premature destruction of mature red blood cells. Bone.
• Anemia, hypochromic - Any of a large group of anemias characterized by a decreased concentration.
• Anemia, hypoplastic - Anemia characterized by decreased bone marrow production of red blood.
• Anemia, idiopathic acquired hemolytic - Anemia characterized by a shortened lifespan of red blood.
• Anemia, iron deficiency - Decreased number of circulating red blood cells or insufficient hemoglobin.
• Anemia, macrocytic - Blood disorder characterized by abnormal presence of large, fragile red blood.
• Anemia, megalobastic (Folic acid deficiency) - Anemia caused by folic acid deficiency. Often.
• Anemia, microcytic - Any anemia characterized by abnormally small red blood cells, usually.
• Anemia, non-spherocytic hemolytic - Inherited disorder of red blood cells in which shortened red.
• Anemia, pernicious - Anemia caused by inadequate absorption of vitamin B12.
• Anemia, pyridoxine-responsive - Decreased red blood cells in circulation, which increase to normal.
• Anemia, sickle cell trait - See Sickle cell trait.
• Anemia, sickle cell - Severe, incurable anemia that occurs in people who have an abnormal form of.
• Anemia, sideroblastic -A special type of anemia in which the bone marrow deposits iron prematurely into red blood cells. These cells do not transport oxygen to the body as efficiently as normal cells.
• Anemia - Condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin (oxygen carrying substance.
• Anencephaly - Absence of the brain.
• Aneuploidy - Any variation in chromosome number that involves individual chromosomes and not.
• Aneurysm - Abnormal enlargement or ballooning of an artery. Caused by a weak artery wall.
• Angina (Angina pectoris) - Chest pain or pressure usually beneath the sternum (breastbone). Caused.
• Angina pectoris - See Angina.
• Angiodysplasia - Small blood vessel abnormalities.
• Angioedema (Angioneurotic edema; hives) - Allergic disorder characterized by skin changes with.
• Angiomas - Benign tumor made up of blood vessels or lymph vessels. Most are congenital.
• Anion gap - Measure combining laboratory analysis of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate. A quick.
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Chronic, progressive disease of the joints, accompanied by inflammation and.
• Anorectal abscess - Abscess occurring in the rectum (last segment of the large intestine) and anus.
• Anorexia nervosa - Extremely complicated personality disorder, chiefly in young women.
• Anorexia - Loss of appetite.
• Anti-lipemic (Anti-lipidemic) - Of or pertaining to a regimen, diet, agent or drug that reduces the.
• Antigens - Germs or other sources of disease that antibodies (produced by the immune system).
• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) - Substance that appears in the blood indicating presence of an.
• Aortic-valve stenosis - Heart abnormality characterized by narrowing or stricture of the aortic valve.
• Aortoiliac occlusive disease - Complete or partial blocking of the lower part of the aorta as it enters.
• Aplastic anemia - See Anemia, aplastic.
• Apnea - Absence of spontaneous breathing.
• Appendicitis - Inflammation of the vermiform appendix (small tube that extends from the first part of.
• Arachnoiditis - Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane, a thin, delicate membrane enclosing the brain.
• Arginosuccinic aciduria - Presence of arginosuccinic acid in the urine. This is an inborn error of.
• Arrhythmias - Occasional or constant abnormalities in the rhythm of the heartbeat.
• Arterial-occlusive disease - Total or partial blockage of any large artery.
• Arteriosclerosis - Common disorder of the arteries characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity and.
• Arteriovenous malfunction - Problem at the junction of an artery and vein at the capillary level.
• Arthritis - Inflammatory condition of the joints, characterized by pain and swelling. Also see.
• Ascites - Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity. It contains large amounts of protein and.
• Asphyxia - Loss of consciousness due to too little oxygen and too much carbon dioxide in the blood. If.
• Asthma - Chronic disorder with recurrent attacks of wheezing and shortness of breath.
• Astigmatism - Visual impairment caused by abnormal eye shape.
• Astrocytomas - Brain tumor composed of neuroglial cells (one of the two main kinds of cells that make.
• Ataxia-telangiectasia - Severe, hereditary, progressive disease beginning in early childhood. It results.
• Atopic dermatitis - Chronic inflammatory disease of the skin; often associated with other allergic.
• Atria - Chamber allowing entrance into another structure. Usually refers to ATRIA of the heart, which.
• Atrial fibrillation - Completely irregular heartbeat rhythm. In this case, it occurs in the top chambers of.
• Atrophy - Wasting away; diminishing in size such as a cell, tissue, organ or part. May result from.
• Autoimmune disease - Disease in which the immune system produces antibodies that attack the.
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - See Anemia, autoimmune hemolytic.
• Autoimmune thyroid disease - See Grave's disease.
• Autoimmune - Response directed against the body's own tissue.
• B-Thalassemia - Hemolytic anemia caused by decreased production of beta chains of hemoglobin in.
• BILE SAND - Thickened, gritty bile excreted by the liver into the gallbladder and bile ducts. Bile sand.
• Bacteremia - Presence of bacterial germs in the bloodstream.
• Bacterial endocarditis - Noncontagious infection of the valves or lining of the heart.
• Bacterial myocarditis - Infection of the heart muscle caused by bacterial germs.
• Baker's cyst - Benign tumor on the back of the knee joint. Tumor consists of accumulated fluid that.
• Bartter's syndrome - Inherited disease characterized by short stature, mental retardation.
• Benign - 1) Tumor or growth that is neither cancerous nor located where it might impair normal.
• Bernard-Soulier syndrome - Hereditary coagulation disorder marked by a mild decrease in the.
• Beta-blockers - Medications that reduce heart or blood vessel overactivity to improve blood.
• Biliary obstruction - Blockage of the common or cystic bile duct, usually by one or more gallstones.
• Bilirubin, unconjugated - Bilirubin that is insoluble in water. Bilirubin normally travels in the.
• Bilirubin - Yellowish red blood cell waste product in bile the blood carries to the liver. It contributes to.
• Biopsy - Removal of a small amount of tissue or fluid for laboratory examination; aids in diagnosis.
• Bitemporal hemianopsic - Defective vision in which blindness occurs in the outer half of the visual field.
• Blastic phase - Immature stage of cell development.
• Blastomycosis - Infectious fungal disease that starts in the lungs. Occasionally it spreads through the.
• Blood dyscrasias - Condition caused by or relating to disease in which any component of the blood is.
• Blood-factor deficiency - Deficiency of one of the blood factors. See Factor I through Factor XIII.
• Blood - Liquid pumped by the heart through arteries, veins and capillaries. It consists of a clear, yellow.
• Bone disorders - Any abnormality or disease of the bone or skeletal system.
• Bone marrow disease - Any disease affecting bone marrow. See Bone marrow.
• Bone marrow - Specialized soft tissue that fills the core of bones. Most of the body's red and white.
• Botulism - Serious form of food poisoning caused by eating contaminated food containing a toxin that.
• Brain infarctions - Localized area of brain tissue death resulting from lack of oxygen to that area.
• Bronchial tubes (Bronchi) - Hollow air passageways that branch from the windpipe (trachea) into the.
• Bronchiectasis - Lung disease in which bronchial tubes become blocked and accumulate thick.
• Bronchitis - Acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by.
• Bronchodilator - Any member of a group of drugs that dilates bronchial tubes and makes air passage.
• Bronchogenic carcinoma - Malignant tissue growth in the lung, which may be caused by cigarette.
• Brucellosis (Undulant fever) - Illness caused by the brucella bacteria, which is transmitted to humans.
• Cachexia - General poor health and malnutrition, including weakness and muscle wasting. Usually.
• Calcification - Process by which calcium from the blood is deposited abnormally into tissues from.
• Calcium disorders - Imbalance in the amount of calcium in the blood. Too much or too little can cause.
• Calcium - Component of blood that helps regulate the heartbeat, transmit nerve impulses, contract.
• Calculi - Stones formed of mineral salts. Usually found within hollow organs or ducts. They can cause.
• Cancer - See Carcinoma.
• Cannula - Tube for insertion into a vessel or body cavity.
• Capillary precipitation - Settling of solid substances formerly in solution in the bloodstream.
• Capillary - Smallest blood vessels in the body.
• Carcinoma - Malignant tumor that tends to invade surrounding tissue; it may travel to distant regions of.
• Cardiac distress - Any condition causing difficulty in heart's normal functioning.
• Cardiac glycosides - Family of drugs used to treat heart disease. Digitalis is the outstanding cardiac.
• Cardiac tamponade - Compression of the heart due to collection of blood in the sac enclosing the.
• Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) - Disorder of the heart muscle usually associated.
• Cardiorespiratory disease (Cardiopulmonary disease) - Any disease affecting the heart and lungs.
• Cardioversion - Restoration of normal rhythm of the heart by electrical shock.
• Casts - Gelled protein particles on the walls of kidney tubules that break off and are washed out by.
• Cataracts - Clouding of the eye lens. A common cause of vision loss. Most commonly occurs in.
• Catheter - Hollow tube used to introduce fluids into the body or to drain fluids from the body.
• Cation-anion - Positively charged ion attracted to the positive electrode in electrolysis.
• Celiac disease (Nontropical sprue) - Congenital disorder caused by an intolerance for gluten, a.
• Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) - Obstetric condition in which an infant's head is too large or the.
• Cervical spondylosis - Degenerative changes of bones in the neck that place pressure on nerves and.
• Cervix - Lower third of the uterus, which protrudes into the vagina.
• Charcot's disease (Neuropathic joint disease) - Chronic, progressive degeneration of a joint, which.
• Chemical inhibition - Process of retarding, arresting or restraining a chemical reaction.
• Chemical profile (SMAC) - Cost is about $24.00. This profile of tests is performed on an electronic.
• Chemotherapy - Treatment of cancer with medication that kills cancer cells without harming healthy.
• Cholangitis - Infection or inflammation of the bile ducts (biliary tract) that drain bile from the.
• Cholecystitis - Gallbladder inflammation usually caused by a gallstone that cannot pass through the.
• Choledocholithiasis (Biliary calculus; biliary stone) - Stone formed in the biliary tract. See Kidney.
• Cholelithiasis (Gallstone) - Stones in the gallbladder that may or may not cause symptoms. If.
• Cholestasis intrahepatic - Interruption in the flow of bile to the biliary tract. May be caused by.
• Chondromalacia patellae - Occurs after knee injury. Characterized by swelling, pain and degenerative.
• Chondromalacia - Abnormal softening of cartilage.
• Choriocarcinoma - Malignancy arising in the uterus associated with pregnancy, abortion or.
• Christmas disease - See Hemophilia.
• Chromatin mass - Portion of the cell nucleus that carries the genes of inheritance.
• Chromophobe adenoma - Tumor of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland; cells do not stain with.
• Chromosome - Structures inside the nucleus of living cells that contain hereditary information. Defects.
• Chronic bronchitis - Inflammation caused by repeated irritation or infection of the bronchial tubes.
• Chronic - Long-term; continuing. Chronic illnesses are usually not curable, but they can often be.
• Chyle - Lymph and droplets of triglyceride fat in a stable emulsion. See Lymph. Lymph forms a milky.
• Circle of Willis - Network of blood vessels at the base of the brain, formed by the interconnection of.
• Cirrhosis - Chronic scarring of the liver, leading to loss of normal liver function.
• Citrullinuria - Presence of large amounts of citrulline in the urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
• Coagulation defects (Coagulopathy) - Disruption of blood clotting mechanisms, resulting in.
• Coagulation factors - Chemical compounds necessary for blood to clot. See Factor I through Factor.
• Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) - Infection caused by breathing spores of a fungus found in soil. It.
• Cold agglutinins - Antibodies that cause red blood cells to clump together at low temperatures.
• Colitis - Inflammatory condition of the large intestine. It can occur in episodes, such as irritable bowel.
• Collagen disease - See Connective tissue disease.
• Collagen-vascular disease - See Connective tissue disease.
• Collagen-vascular-autoimmune disease - See Autoimmune disease. Examples of this disease are.
• Complement - Series of enzymes in normal blood that interacts with antigens and antibodies.
• Condyloma - Wart-like growth on the mucous membrane or skin of the external genitals or around the.
• Congenital anomalies - Abnormality of the body present at birth; a birth defect. May be inherited or.
• Congenital hypothyroidism (Cretinism) - Deficiency or lack of thyroid hormone secretion during.
• Congenital - Present at, and existing from, the time of birth.
• Congestive heart failure - Complication of many serious diseases in which the heart loses its full.
• Conjunctivitis - Inflammation of the lining of the eyelids and the covering of the white part of the eye.
• Conn's syndrome - Disorder of the adrenal cortex. See Adrenal cortex. Usually a noncancerous tumor.
• Connective-tissue disease (Collagen disease) - Any one of many abnormal conditions.
• Coproporphyria - See Porphyria.
• Corneoscleral flaccidity - Abnormal softness of the cornea and sclera of the eye.
• Corneoscleral rigidity - Abnormal inflexibility of the cornea and sclera of the eye.
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Using a section of the patient's leg vein to bypass a partial or.
• Coronary artery disease - Hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries that provide blood to the.
• Coronary insufficiency - Condition of the main arteries in the heart in which they supply an insufficient.
• Coronary occlusion - Hardening and narrowing of one or more of the coronary arteries that provide.
• Coronary-risk profile - Cost is about $40.00. Blood tests performed include Total Cholesterol, page.
• Craniopharyngiomas - Congenital pituitary tumor appearing most often in children and adolescents.
• Creatinine - Substance formed from the metabolism of creatine, which is found in blood, urine and.
• Crepitus - Crunching sound similar to the sound made when tissue paper is crushed.
• Cretinism - Deficiency of thyroid hormone secretion during fetal development or early infancy. In.
• Crohn's disease (Regional enteritis) - Inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal tract that.
• Cryoglobulins - Abnormal blood proteins that separate from blood at low laboratory temperatures and.
• Crystal-induced arthritis - Inflammation of a joint characterized by crystallization of fluids in a joint.
• Cushing's disease (Cushing's syndrome) - Condition due to tumors of the adrenal cortex or the.
• Cushing's syndrome - See Cushing's disease.
• Cyanosis - Bluish discoloration of skin, lips and nails. Caused by lack of oxygen.
• Cyst - Sac or cavity filled with fluid or disease matter.
• Cystic fibrosis - Inherited disease in which mucus-producing glands throughout the body, especially in.
• Cystic tumors - Tumors with cavities or sacs containing a semisolid or liquid material.
• Cystinuria - Abnormal presence of cystine (an amino acid) in the urine. Also inherited defect in the.
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection - Viral infection caused by cytomegalovirus. Characterized by.
• Cytotoxic agents - Medications used to destroy cancerous cells with minimal harm to healthy cells.
• Cytotoxic - Having a negative effect upon cells.
• DIC - See Disseminated intravascular coagulation.
• DUMPING SYNDROME - Group of symptoms that is a complication of surgical removal of all or.
• Delirium tremens (DTs) - Acute, sometimes fatal, psychotic reaction caused by excessive intake of.
• Demyelinating disease - Outer wrapping (myelin sheath) of the nerves or nerve fibers is destroyed.
• Dermatitis - Inflammatory condition of the skin, characterized by redness and pain or itching. The type.
• Dermatofibromas - Fibrous, tumorlike nodule of the skin most commonly found on the arms or legs.
• Dermatomyositis - Inflammation of connective tissue, with degenerative changes in muscles and skin.
• Detached retina - Separation or tear of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina) from the.
• DiGeorge's syndrome - Congenital disorder characterized by severe immunodeficiency, birth defects.
• Diabetes insipidus - Disorder of the hormone system caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.
• Diabetes mellitus: Insulin dependent - Inability to produce enough insulin to process carbohydrates.
• Diabetes mellitus: Non-insulin dependent - Disease of metabolism characterized by the body's.
• Diabetes - Any of various diseases characterized by an excessive discharge of urine.
• Diabetic acidosis - See Diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Diabetic ketoacidosis - Serious complication of diabetes mellitus in which the body produces acids.
• Diabetic retinopathy - Disorder of the innermost coat of the back of the eyeball. Seen most frequently.
• Dialysis - Process of separating crystals and other substances in a solution by the difference in their.
• Diaphoresis - Profuse perspiration.
• Diaphragm - Large, thin muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
• Diaphragmatic paralysis - Complete loss of function of the diaphragm. See Diaphragm. The.
• Diphtheria - Highly contagious infection, primarily affecting the mucous membranes of the nose, throat.
• Diploidy - Having two full sets of chromosomes.
• Disease - Process representing a departure from normal health.
• Diserythropoietic anemia - See Anemia, diserythropoietic.
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation - Serious disruption of blood clotting mechanisms, resulting.
• Diverticula - Small, pouch-like projections in the wall of the colon.
• Diverticulitis - Inflammation of diverticula. During periods of inflammation, person experiences crampy.
• Down's syndrome - Condition associated with a chromosome abnormality, usually trisomy of.
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy - Abnormal congenital condition characterized by progressive.
• Duodenal lesions - Abnormalities in the duodenum, such as ulcers, tumors or inflammatory reactions.
• Duodenal ulcer - Peptic ulcer located in the duodenum, which is the first segment (about 10-inches.
• Duodenitis - Inflammation of mucous membrane lining of the duodenum.
• Duodenum - First portion of the small intestine.
• Dwarfism - Underdevelopment of the body.
• Dysentery - Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon; may be caused by chemical irritants.
• Dysfibrinogenemia - Congenital disorder in which fibrinogen is present in the blood, but does not.
• Dyspnea - Difficulty breathing.
• Dysproteinemia - Derangement of the protein content of the blood.
• Eclampsia (Toxemia of pregnancy) - Extremely serious disturbance in blood pressure, kidney.
• Ectopic ACTH production - Adrenocorticotropic hormone production (ACTH) at some site other.
• Ectopic pregnancy - Pregnancy that develops outside the uterus. The most common site is one of the.
• Edema - Accumulation of fluid under the skin (swelling), in the lungs or elsewhere.
• Electrolyte package - Cost is about $20.00. Blood tests performed include Sodium, page 184.
• Elliptocystosis - Hereditary disorder in which red blood cells (erythrocytes) are oval in shape, instead.
• Embolism - Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus. See Embolus.
• Embolus - Clot, foreign object, air, gas or a bit of tissue or fat that circulates in the bloodstream until it.
• Encephalitis - Acute inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a contagious viral infection. May also.
• Endobronchial - Within the bronchial tubes.
• Endocrine disorders - Any disorder involving the endocrine system. The endocrine system is made up.
• Endometriosis - Disorder in women in which tissue resembling inner lining of the uterus (endometrium).
• Enteritis - Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the small intestine.
• Enterocolitis - Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the small and large intestine.
• Ependymomas - Tumor in the brain or spinal cord that is usually benign and slow growing.
• Epilepsy, focal - Small part of the body begins twitching uncontrollably. The twitching (seizure).
• Epilepsy, grand mal - Affects all ages. Person loses consciousness, stiffens, then twitches and jerks.
• Epilepsy, petit mal - Affects children mostly. Child stops activity and stares blankly around for a.
• Epilepsy, temporal lobe - Person suddenly behaves out of character or inappropriately, such as.
• Epilepsy - Disorder of brain function. There are several forms of epilepsy, each with its own.
• Erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh-incompatibility) - Incompatibility between an infant's blood type and.
• Erythropoiesis - Formation of red blood cells.
• Erythropoietic porphyrias - Inherited disorder in which there is an abnormal increase in the.
• Erythropoietic protoporphyrias - Disease characterized by itching, redness and edema after short.
• Esophageal rings - Muscular fibers that surround the esophagus.
• Esophageal varices - Enlarged veins on the lining of the esophagus subject to severe bleeding. They.
• Esophagitis - Inflammation of the mucous-membrane lining of the esophagus. May be caused by.
• Esophagus - Hollow tube that provides passage from the back of the throat to the stomach.
• Essential hypertension - See Hypertension.
• Eunuchoidism - Deficiency of male hormone, which results in abnormal tallness, small testes and.
• Exchange transfusion - Introduction of whole blood in exchange for 75 to 85% of an infant's.
• Exudate - Matter that penetrates through vessel walls into adjoining tissue. Production of pus or serum.
• FSP (Fibrin split products) - Results from the breakdown of fibrinogen by plasmin (an enzyme). See.
• Factor III - Tissue thromboplastin needed for blood to clot.
• Factor II - Prothrombin needed for blood to clot.
• Factor IV - Calcium needed for blood to clot.
• Factor IX - Plasma thromboplastin component needed for blood to clot.
• Factor I - Fibrinogen needed for blood to clot.
• Factor VIII - Anti-hemophilic factor needed for blood to clot.
• Factor VII - Proconvertin needed for blood to clot.
• Factor VI - Accelerin needed for blood to clot.
• Factor V - Proaccelerin needed for blood to clot.
• Factor XIII - Fibrin-stabilizing factor needed for blood to clot.
• Factor XII - Hageman factor needed for blood to clot.
• Factor XI - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent needed for blood to clot.
• Factor X - Stuart factor (autoprothrombin C) needed for blood to clot.
• Factor-VII deficiency - Deficiency of normal clotting factor. Can be inherited or acquired. This.
• Familial hypoproteinemia - Inherited abnormal decrease in the amount of protein in the blood.
• Familial myoglobinuria - Inherited condition in which myoglobin appears in urine. Causes include.
• Familial xanthurenic aciduria - Inherited deficiency disorder of xanthine oxidase that causes physical.
• Fanconi's syndrome - Rare, usually congenital disorder characterized by aplastic anemia, bone.
• Fetal hypoxia - Absence of sufficient oxygen to sustain life in a fetus.
• Fibrillation - Quivering of heart muscle fibers.
• Fibrin split products - See FSP.
• Fibrin - Protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of blood clotting.
• Fibrinogen - Protein in the blood needed for blood clotting.
• Fibrinolysis, secondary - Process by which connective tissue is dissolved by the action of enzymes as.
• Fibrinolysis, systemic - See Fibrinolytic disorders.
• Fibrinolysis - Breakdown of fibrin by enzyme action.
• Fibrinolytic disorders - Disease process characterized by dissolution of connective tissue by the action.
• Fibrocystic disease (Breast lumps) - Disorder of the female breast characterized by nonmalignant.
• Fibroids - Abnormal growth of cells in the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). Uterine fibroids.
• Fibromas - Benign neoplasm of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.
• Fibrosis - Generation of fibrous tissue, such as in a scar.
• Fibrous ankylosis - Immobility and consolidation of a joint from disease caused by fibrous tissue.
• Fibrous tissue - Tissue that is made up of fibers.
• Filariasis - Disease caused by the presence of parasitic worms or larvae in body tissue. Worms are.
• Fissures - 1) Cleft or groove on the surface of an organ, often marking division of the organ into parts.
• Fistulas - Abnormal passage between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface.
• Fluoresce - Emits light while exposed to light.
• Focal epilepsy - See Epilepsy, focal.
• Focal seizures - Convulsions brought about by a disease process or injury to an identifiable part of the.
• Fulminating infection - Infection that occurs suddenly, with great intensity.
• G-6-PD (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) - Enzyme normally found in most body cells.
• Galactorrhea - Breast milk flow not associated with childbirth or breast feeding. It may be a symptom.
• Galactosemia - Inherited disease of infants in which milk cannot be digested. Milk should be eliminated.
• Gallbladder disease - Any disease involving the gallbladder or biliary tract. The gallbladder is a.
• Gallstones - Calculus or stone formed in the gallbladder. See Cholelithiasis.
• Ganglioneuroblastoma - Tumor of nerve cells.
• Ganglioneuroma - Benign tumor composed of nerve fibers.
• Gangrene - Dead tissue. Develops when a wound becomes infected or tissue is destroyed by an.
• Gastrin - Hormone that stimulates the production of gastric acid or stomach acid.
• Gastrinoma - Benign or malignant gastrin-secreting islet-cell tumor of the pancreas. There is an.
• Gastritis - Irritation, inflammation or infection of the stomach lining. Cause is sometimes unknown but.
• Gastroenteritis - Inflammation of the stomach and intestines accompanying many digestive-tract.
• Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms - Any symptoms relating to the stomach or intestine. Some common.
• Gastrointestinal disease - Any disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth.
• Gastrointestinal disorders - Any condition or disease relating to any part of the digestive system.
• Gaucher's disease - Rare familial disorder of fat metabolism characterized by an enlarged spleen.
• Genital herpes - Viral infection of the genitals transmitted by intercourse or oral sex. Genital herpes.
• Germ cell tumors - One of three types of cancer of the ovary. Arises in the ovum (egg). Prognosis is.
• Gigantism - Condition in which the body or a body part grows excessively, sometimes due to an.
• Gilbert's disease (Gilbert's syndrome) - Benign hereditary condition characterized by jaundice and.
• Glanzmann's thrombosthemia - Rare, inherited hemorrhagic disease. See Hemorrhagic disease.
• Glaucoma - Abnormally increased pressure within the eyeball that may produce severe, permanent.
• Globulins - Class of proteins that are insoluble in water but soluble in saline solutions.
• Glomerular - Of or pertaining to a glomerulus.
• Glomerulonephritis (Post-infectious, acute or chronic) - Inflammation of glomerulus. See.
• Glomerulus - Tiny structure composed of blood vessels. One of several structures that make up a.
• Glucagonoma - Glucagon-secreting tumor of the islet cells of the pancreas. Glucagon increases blood.
• Glucocortocoid deficiency - Decreased amount of hormone from the adrenal gland that increases.
• Glycogen-storage disease (Glycogenosis) - Any of a group of inherited disorders of glycogen.
• Glycogen - Substance formed from glucose, stored chiefly in the liver. When the blood-sugar level is.
• Goiter - Enlargement of the thyroid gland, which causes a swelling in the front part of the neck.
• Gonadal impairment - Decreased function of the gonads. See Gonads. Testes in men; ovaries in.
• Gonadal - Pertaining to gonads.
• Gonadotropin - Any hormone having a stimulating effect on the gonads.
• Gonads - Parts of the reproductive system that produce and release eggs (ovaries in the female) or.
• Gonorrhea - Infectious disease of the reproductive organs and other body structures that is sexually.
• Gout - Recurrent attacks of joint inflammation caused by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints. It.
• Grand mal epilepsy - See Epilepsy, grand mal.
• Granulocytic leukemia - See Leukemia, granulocytic.
• Granulomas - Nodule of firm tissue formed as a reaction to chronic inflammation, such as from foreign.
• Granulomatosis - Formation of multiple granulomas. Each has nodules of granulated tissue forming a.
• Granulomatosus colitis - See Crohn's disease.
• Graves' disease - Disorder of the thyroid gland occurring most often in women. Characterized by.
• Growth hormone deficiency - Deficiency of hormone that results in dwarfism.
• Guillain-Barre syndrome - See Polyneuritis.
• HDL - High density liproprotein.
• Hageman factor (Factor XII) - Deficiency of this factor results in prolonged bleeding. See Factor.
• Hand-Schueller-Christian disease - Group of three symptoms that may occur in any of several.
• Hartnup disease - Hereditary disease that causes skin rash, unsteady gait and excess amino acids in.
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis - One of several kinds of thyroid gland inflammation.
• Heart attack - See Myocardial infarction.
• Heinz bodies - Granular deposits in red blood cells from precipitation of proteins. They are present in.
• Hemangioma - Benign tumor made up of a mass of blood vessels.
• Hematoma - Collection of blood that has escaped from a blood vessel and is localized in an organ or.
• Hematuria - Abnormal presence of blood in the urine. May be gross (can actually see the blood) or.
• Hemochromatosis - Disease in which excessive iron accumulates in the liver, pancreas and skin.
• Hemoconcentration - Decrease of the fluid content of the blood, with resulting increase in.
• Hemodilution - Increase in fluid content of blood, with resulting decrease in concentration of blood.
• Hemoglobin-C disease - Inherited blood disorder characterized by a moderate, chronic hemolytic.
• Hemoglobin-C trait - Relatively common abnormal hemoglobin in which lysine replaces glutamic acid.
• Hemolysis - Process by which red blood cells breakdown and hemoglobin is released. Occurs.
• Hemolytic anemia - See Anemia, hemolytic.
• Hemolytic disease - Disorder characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells. May or.
• Hemolytic episode - Separation of hemoglobin from red blood cells.
• Hemolytic jaundice - Jaundice caused by severe hemolytic anemia, which results in high levels of.
• Hemolytic - Condition in which red blood cells break down and release the hemoglobin they contain.
• Hemophilia - Inherited deficiency of a blood clotting factor that may result in bleeding episodes.
• Hemophilus influenzae (haemophilus influenza, Type-B) - Bacteria that causes numerous diseases.
• Hemoptysis - Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract. Blood-streaked sputum can occur with.
• Hemorrhagic disease - Medical problem accompanied by uncontrolled bleeding. Hemorrhagic.
• Hemorrhagic gastritis - Inflammation of stomach accompanied by bleeding from stomach lining.
• Hemorrhoids - Dilated (varicose) veins of the rectum or anus. Usually caused by straining during bowel.
• Heparin therapy - Course of treatment with medication that prolongs blood clotting time. Used to.
• Heparinized - To render blood non-clottable with heparin. For example, tubes used to collect blood.
• Hepatic coma - Stupor or coma caused by waste products in the blood that are toxic to the brain.
• Hepatic disease - Any disease involving the liver, including many types of hepatitis and cirrhosis.
• Hepatic dysfunction - Poor liver function.
• Hepatic - Of or affecting the liver.
• Hepatitis profile - Cost is about $18.00. Blood tests performed include hepatitis-B surface antigen.
• Hepatitis-B - Form of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis-B virus. Characterized by rapid onset of.
• Hepatitis - Inflammatory liver condition characterized by jaundice, enlarged liver, loss of appetite.
• Hepatocellular injury - Injury of liver cells.
• Hepatomas (Malignant liver tumor; hepatocellular carcinoma) - Malignant tumor that begins in.
• Hepatotoxicity - Tendency of a substance, usually a medication or alcohol, to have a destructive effect.
• Hereditary anti-edema - Inherited condition that prevents accumulation of fluid.
• Hereditary spherocytosis - Inherited disorder characterized by small, spherical red blood cells.
• Hereditary - Transmitted genetically from generation to generation.
• Hernia - Protrusion of an internal organ through a weakness or abnormal opening in the muscle around.
• Herpes - Herpes type-1 causes common cold sores, which appear around the mouth. Herpes type-2.
• Hgb-C disease (Hemoglobin-C disease) - See Hemoglobin-C trait.
• Hiatal hernia - Abnormal weakness or opening in the diaphragm. Allows a portion of the stomach to.
• High-purine diet - Diet of foods that are high in purines, including anchovies and sardines, organ.
• Histidinemia - Hereditary defect of metabolism marked by excess histidine (an amino acid) in the.
• Histology - Science dealing with the microscopic identification of cells and tissue.
• Histoplasmosis - Fungal infection from breathing dust that contains fungus spores or through direct.
• Hodgkin's disease - Malignant tumor of the lymph glands characterized by progressive enlargement of.
• Hodgkin's lymphoma - See Hodgkin's disease.
• Homocystinuria - Rare, hereditary defect of metabolism, marked by excess homocystine (an amino.
• Humoral - Relating to any fluid or semifluid of the body.
• Huntington's chorea - Rare, abnormal, hereditary condition characterized by involuntary, purposeless.
• Hydatidiform mole - Disease occurring during early pregnancy resulting in death of the fetus and an.
• Hydrocephalus - Condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of fluid with the cranial vault.
• Hydronephrosis - Caused by an obstruction in the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the.
• Hyper - Abnormally increased; excessive.
• Hyperalimentation - Supplying total nutritional needs of patients who are unable to eat normally by.
• Hypercalcemia - Presence of excessive calcium in the blood. May result from tumor of the parathyroid.
• Hyperchloremia - Presence of excessive amounts of chloride in the blood. May result from severe.
• Hyperfibrinogenemia - Presence of excessive fibrinogen in the blood. See Fibrinogen. May indicate.
• Hyperfunctioning tumor - Any tumor that leads to higher than normal action of the chemicals (usually.
• Hyperinsulinism - Excessive secretion of insulin.
• Hyperkalemia - Abnormally high blood potassium level. May be seen in people who have suffered.
• Hyperlipoprotenemia - Condition in which excessive lipoproteins (cholesterol and other fatty.
• Hypermagnesemia - Elevated levels of magnesium in the blood. Most commonly occurs in people.
• Hypernatremia - Excess of sodium in the blood, usually caused by excessive loss of water and.
• Hyperoxaluria - Hereditary defect of metabolism, marked by excessive oxalate in the urine. May result.
• Hyperparathyroidism - Excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone circulating in the blood. Excess.
• Hyperphosphatemia - Abnormally high level of phosphates in the blood. May result from bone.
• Hyperploidy - Condition of having one or more chromosomes in excess of the normal number. The.
• Hyperprolinemia, Type-A - Disorder of amino acid metabolism.
• Hypertension (High blood pressure) - Increase in the force of blood against the arteries as blood.
• Hyperthyroidism - Overactivity of the thyroid, an endocrine gland that regulates all body functions.
• Hypertonic - Solution that contains substances that flow outward through a semipermeable membrane.
• Hypertrophic anal papilla - Excessive growth of the papilla of the rectum. See Papilla.
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - See Cardiomyopathy.
• Hypertrophy - Increase in the size of a cell or group of cells. Causes an increase in the size of an organ.
• Hyperventilation - Breathing so rapidly that carbon dioxide levels in the blood are decreased.
• Hypo - Deficient; beneath; under.
• Hypoalbuminemia - Abnormally low levels of albumin (protein) in the blood.
• Hypoalderostonism - Deficiency of aldosterone secreted by the outer layer of the adrenal glands. May.
• Hypocalcemia - Abnormally low level of calcium in the blood. May result from hypoparathyroidism or.
• Hypochloremia - Abnormally low levels of chloride in the blood. Low chloride levels can occur from.
• Hypochromic anemia - See Anemia, hypochromic.
• Hypofibrinogenemia - Abnormally decreased level of fibrinogen in the blood. See Fibrinogen. May.
• Hypofunctioning tumor - Tumor that causes the anatomical part it encroaches on to have less than.
• Hypogammaglobulinemia - Abnormally low levels of gammaglobulins in the blood, which results in an.
• Hypoglycemia - Abnormally low blood sugar level caused by abnormal function, not disease, of the.
• Hypoglycemic syndrome - Condition caused by low blood sugar, characterized by cold sweat, low.
• Hypogonadism - Decreased functional activity of gonads, with hindered growth and slowed sexual.
• Hypogonadotropism - Abnormal condition caused by decreased production of gonadotropins. See.
• Hypokalemia - Below normal level of potassium in the blood. May result from aldosteronism.
• Hypolipoproteinemia - Abnormally low levels of lipoproteins in blood.
• Hyponatremia - Less than normal concentration of sodium in the blood. Caused by excessive water in.
• Hypooxaluria - Decreased amount of oxalic acid in the urine.
• Hypoparathyroidism - Decreased production of hormones by the parathyroid glands, causing low.
• Hypophosphatasia - Inborn error of metabolism that causes difficulty building and healing bones.
• Hypophysectomy - Surgical removal of the pituitary gland.
• Hypopituitarism - Underactivity of the pituitary gland, resulting in inadequate hormone production.
• Hypoplasia - Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually from a.
• Hypoplastic anemia - See Anemia, hypoplastic.
• Hypotension - Abnormally low blood pressure. One symptom of shock.
• Hypothyroidism, primary - Caused by dysfunction of the thyroid gland and may be due to surgical.
• Hypothyroidism, secondary - Caused outside the thyroid. It may result from decreased activity of the.
• Hypothyroidism - Underactive thyroid gland, which results in decreased metabolic rate. Early.
• I.V. - See Intravenously.
• Ichthyosis - Skin condition in which skin is dry, thickened and fissured, resembling fish scales. Usually.
• Ichythosis follicularis - Skin disorder characterized by dryness, roughness and scaliness.
• Idiopathic cold-agglutinin diseases - Disease of unknown cause associated with laboratory findings.
• Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) - Chronic heart condition that produces an.
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) - Bleeding into the skin and other organs due to a.
• Idiopathic-acquired hemolytic anemia - See Anemia, idiopathic-acquired hemolytic.
• Idiopathic - Without known cause.
• Ileitis - See Crohn's disease.
• Immune - Resistance or protection against infection by the body's natural defenses. A person may be.
• Immunodeficiency diseases - Defects in the body's immune system. A healthy immune system.
• Immunoglobin-deficiency disease - Illness caused by deficiency of a protein molecule with known.
• Immunomedicated disease - Illness caused by medicines that decrease the efficiency of the immune.
• Immunosuppressive therapy - Drugs used to prevent the body from forming a normal immune.
• Immunotherapy - See Immunosuppressive therapy.
• Infarction - Tissue death due to the obstruction of blood to that tissue.
• Infectious mononucleosis - Infectious viral disease that affects the liver, respiratory system and.
• Inferior vena cava - Large vein that returns unoxygenated blood to the heart from parts of the body.
• Inflammatory bowel disease - Characterized by fever, pain, abscess formation, severe diarrhea.
• Influenza - Common, contagious respiratory infection caused by a virus. Incubation after exposure is.
• Insulin-resistant states - Severe insulin dependent diabetes mellitus that no longer responds to.
• Insulinoma - Benign (nonmalignant) tumor of insulin secreting cells of the islets of Langerhans in the.
• Intermittent positive-pressure-breathing therapy - Form of treatment for disorders of the lungs.
• Interstitial fibrosis - Formation of fibrous tissue between normal tissues.
• Interstitial - Occupies space between tissues, such as interstitial fluid.
• Intestinal fistula - Abnormal opening leading from the intestinal tract to another abdominal organ or to.
• Intraepithelial neoplasia - Small tumor or cancer in the epithelial layer of the skin.
• Intravenously (I.V.) - Through a vein.
• Intrinsic factor levels - Substance secreted by the stomach lining that is necessary for vitamin B-12 to.
• Iodine-deficient goiter - Enlarged thyroid gland due to too little iodine in the diet. Iodine is an essential.
• Iritis - Inflammation of tissues that support the iris (the ring of colored tissue around the pupil of the.
• Iron overload - Too much iron in blood, liver or other organs.
• Iron-deficiency anemia - See Anemia, iron deficiency.
• Ischemia - Decreased blood supply to a body organ or part.
• Ischemic bowel disease - Intestinal problems caused by inadequate supply of blood to the cells of the.
• Ischemic - Condition in which there is decreased blood flow to a body organ or part.
• Isichromosome - Abnormal chromosome characterized by abnormal splitting of a chromosome during.
• Isoenzyme - One of many forms of a protein catalyst differing in characteristics (chemical, physical.
• Isothermal infusion - Injection with a fluid at the same temperature as the recipient.
• Jaeger card - Card with printed letters of varying sizes. Used to test vision.
• Jaundice - Condition of yellow skin, yellow whites of the eyes, dark urine and light-colored stools. It is.
• Karotyping - Determining the chromosome constitution of the nucleus of a cell. Useful in predicting.
• Keloids (Cheloids) - Overgrowth of scar tissue at the site of a wound on the skin. New scar tissue is.
• Keratosis follicularis - Uncommon hereditary skin disorder characterized by small, horny growths that.
• Keratosis - Any horny growth, such as a wart.
• Ketoacidosis - Serious disorder that results from a deficiency or inadequate use of carbohydrates.
• Ketone bodies - Substances formed when the body rapidly breaks down fats to use for energy.
• Ketonuria - Presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Usually seen in people with uncontrolled diabetes.
• Kidney shut down (Kidney failure; renal failure) - Sudden failure of kidneys to function. Usually.
• Kidney stones - Hard, unyielding material produced by the kidney. May lodge in the kidney or pass.
• Klippel-Feil syndrome (Congenital short-neck syndrome) - Rare, congenital malformation of the.
• Kyphosis - Abnormal condition in which the upper spinal column (between the neck and midback).
• L/S ratio - Ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin. Abnormalities may represent the possibility of an.
• LDL - Low density lipoprotein.
• Lactic acidosis - Increased acidity in body due to accumulation of excessive lactic acid production.
• Laennec's cirrhosis - Cirrhosis of the liver associated with alcohol abuse. See Cirrhosis.
• Laryngospasm - Spasmotic closure of the larynx or voice box. When spasms occur, air cannot pass.
• Larynx - Part of the air passage connecting the throat with the trachea or windpipe.
• Lateral sclerosis - Degeneration of the lateral columns of the spinal cord.
• Leprosy - Chronic disease characterized by the production of fibrous connective-tissue lesions.
• Lesion - Injury or damage to an organ or tissue.
• Leukemia, acute - Malignant overgrowth of white blood cells in bone marrow or tissues that are part.
• Leukemia, granulocytic - Malignant blood disease of granulocytes, a form of white blood cell.
• Leukemia, lymphatic - Cancer that primarily involves lymphatic cells. Affects children and adults.
• Leukemia, lymphocytic - Very slow-growing cancer of blood-forming organs in older people. About.
• Leukemia, monocytic - Malignancy of blood-forming tissues in which the predominant cells are.
• Leukemia, myeloblastic - Malignancy of blood cells in which the predominant cells are myeloblasts (a.
• Leukemia, myelogenous - See Leukemia, myelocytic.
• Leukemia, myeloid - Malignancy of white blood cells with polymorphonuclear cells predominant.
• Leukemia, myelomonocytic - Malignancy of blood cells in which the predominant cells are.
• Leukemia, myleocytic - Disorder characterized by the unregulated, excessive production of.
• Leukoagglutinins - Antibodies directed against white blood cells.
• Liothyronine (T3 3) toxicosis - Overactive thyroid function due to T3 poisoning.
• Liver profile - Cost is about $20.00. Blood tests performed include Bilirubin, Protein, LDL, Alkaline.
• Lordosis - Forward curvature of the lumbar spine (the small of the back).
• Lumbar stenosis - Narrowing or stricture in the lower part of the back.
• Lupus erythematosus, systemic - Inflammatory disease of connective tissue. Symptoms may include.
• Luteinization - Process by which a follicle in the ovary transforms into a luteum.
• Luteinized granulosa - Thick, scarred, yellow lesion.
• Luteum - Yellow-colored cyst.
• Lymph - Transparent, slightly yellow liquid found in lymph vessels throughout the body. Derived from.
• Lymphatic leukemia - See Leukemia, lymphatic.
• Lymphatic system - Vast, complex network of vessels, valves, ducts, nodes and organs that help.
• Lymphatic - Pertaining to lymph system of the body.
• Lymphoblastic lymphoma (Lymphoblastoma; lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma) - Malignant tumor.
• Lymphocyte - One of several types of white blood cell that help fight infection.
• Lymphocytic leukemia - See Leukemia, lymphocytic.
• Lymphocytic proliferative disease - Disease with an overproduction of lymphocytes, one form of.
• Lymphoma - Disorders involving new, abnormal growth or tumor of lymph tissue. Usually malignant.
• Lymphoreticular malignancy - Cancer of the reticuloendothelial cells of lymph nodes. See.
• Lymphosarcoma - Malignant tumor of the lymph glands. More common than Hodgkin's disease. See.
• Lysis - Destruction or breakdown, as of a cell or other substance.
• Macroamylaemia - Excess of starch in the blood.
• Macrocytic anemia - See Anemia, macrocytic.
• Macroglobulinemia - See Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
• Macular disease - Stain, spot or thickening of the cornea.
• Malabsorption syndromes - Poor absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract into the blood.
• Malaise - Vague feeling of body discomfort.
• Malaria - Infection caused by a single cell parasite transmitted by the bite of an anopheles mosquito.
• Male menopause - Symptoms, such as depression, change in libido, impotence, in men at midlife.
• Malignant - Capable of causing destruction of normal tissue; may lead to death. Usually refers to.
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome - Condition characterized by massive bleeding following a tear in the.
• Maple-syrup urine disease - Hereditary defect of metabolism. Usually diagnosed in infancy because.
• Mast cells - Part of connective tissue.
• Mastocytosis - Overproduction of mast cells. May rarely infiltrate liver, spleen, bones, the.
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) - See Red cell indices.
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) - See Red cell indices.
• Meconium ileus - Obstruction of the small intestine in the newborn caused by a plug of meconium. See.
• Meconium - Thick, sticky, dark-green material that collects in the intestines of a fetus and forms the.
• Mediastinitis - Inflammation of the mediastinum. See Mediastinum.
• Mediastinum - Central portion of the chest cavity that contains the heart and its large blood vessels.
• Medulla - Most internal part of a structure or organ.
• Medullary - See Medulla.
• Megaloblastic anemia - See Anemia, megaloblastic.
• Melanin - Dark pigment of the skin, hair and iris of the eye.
• Melanocytes - Cells that produce melanin.
• Melanoma - Any of a group of malignant tumors, primarily of the skin, made up of melanocytes. See.
• Meninges - Thin membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
• Meningioma - Hard, usually vascular tumor of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
• Meningitis - Inflammation or infection of the meninges. See Meninges. It is contagious and may be.
• Meningocele (Meningoencephalocele) - Hernia protrusion of the brain and its coverings through a.
• Menke's kinky-hair syndrome - Inherited disorder caused by a defect in intestinal absorption of.
• Menopause - Permanent cessation of menstruation. Occurs as early as age 35 or as late as age 55;.
• Menstrual - Pertaining to menstruation. See Menstruating.
• Menstruating - Normal discharge of blood and tissues through the vagina that come from the uterine.
• Mesenteric adenitis - Lymph glands in mesentery become inflamed. Symptoms may mimic.
• Mesentery - Membranous folds that hold and suspend the small intestines.
• Metabolic alkalosis - Too much base in the body due to loss of acid.
• Metabolism - Sum of all the chemical and physical processes by which living substance is produced.
• Metabolites - Any substance produced by metabolism. See Metabolism.
• Metachromatic leukodystrophy - Inherited condition that causes blindness, mental retardation.
• Metamorphopsia - Defective vision in which objects appear distorted. Sometimes results from disease.
• Metastasis - Process by which cancerous cells or infectious germs spread from their original location.
• Metastatic cancer - Cancerous cells that spread from their original location to other parts of the body.
• Metastatic disease - Disease that has transferred from an organ or body part not directly connected.
• Metastatic - Pertaining to metastasis. See Metastasis.
• Microaneurysms - Microscopic aneurysms, characteristic of certain diseases. Capillary.
• Microbes - Microorganism (small, living organism) capable of producing disease.
• Microcytic anemia - See Anemia, microcytic.
• Miliary tuberculosis - Acute infection associated with the spread of tuberculosis throughout the body.
• Mitogen - Substance that triggers mitosis. See Mitosis.
• Mitosis - Type of cell division in which the body produces new cells for growth and repair of injured.
• Mitral regurgitation - Defective closure of the heart's mitral valve, which allows some of the blood to.
• Mitral stenosis - Calcification and decreased function of the heart's mitral valves.
• Mitral valve prolapse - Condition in which the mitral valve becomes FLOPPY, resulting in mitral.
• Mitral valve - Valves located in the heart between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) - Disease affecting the entire body characterized by the.
• Monocytic leukemia - See Leukemia, monocytic.
• Mononucleosis - See Infectious mononucleosis.
• Monosomy - Chromosomal abnormality characterized by the absence of one chromosome from the.
• Motility disorders - Any disorder or disease characterized by inability to remove intestinal waste.
• Mucocele - Dilation of a cavity with accumulated mucus secretion.
• Mucopolysaccharides - Chemicals that contain hexosamine combined with proteins.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis - Any of a group of genetic disorders caused by a defect in metabolism of.
• Multinodular goiter - Enlarged thyroid gland causing a swelling in the front part of the neck. See.
• Multiple myeloma (Primary bone marrow cancer) - Malignancy beginning in the plasma cells of the.
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) - Chronic disorder affecting many nervous system functions. Patches of white.
• Mumps - Mild, contagious, viral disease that causes painful swelling of the salivary glands. Other.
• Muscular dystrophy - Gradual deterioration of the muscles of the body, leading to increasing difficulty.
• Myasthenia gravis - Disorder of muscles, especially the face and head, with increasing fatigue and.
• Mycoplasma pneumonia - Lung infection caused by germ mycoplasma.
• Myeloblastic leukemia - See Leukemia, myeloblastic.
• Myelocele - Saclike protrusion of the spinal cord through a congenital defect in the spinal column.
• Myelocytes - Immature white blood cells normally found in bone marrow.
• Myelocytic leukemia - See Leukemia, myelocytic.
• Myelogenous leukemia - See Leukemia, myelocytic.
• Myeloid leukemia - See Leukemia, myeloid.
• Myelomonocytic leukemia - See Leukemia, myelomonocytic.
• Myelosuppressive - Inhibiting bone marrow activity, resulting in the decreased production of blood.
• Myocardial failure - Condition that exists when the heart is no longer able to pump all the blood.
• Myocardial fibrosis - Formation of fibrous material in the heart.
• Myocardial infarction (Heart attack) - Death of heart muscle cells from reduced or obstructed.
• Myocarditis bacterial - Inflammation of heart muscle (myocardium) caused by bacterial infection.
• Myocarditis - Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) that usually occurs as a complication of.
• Myocardium - Heart muscle.
• Myoglobin - Chemical stored in muscle that contains iron and oxygen.
• Myxedema - Condition of swollen lips, thickened nose, swelling of the skin and mental dullness caused.
• Necrosis - Localized death of tissue that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury.
• Neisseria meningitides - Bacteria that is often the cause of meningitis. See Meningitis.
• Neoplasms - Any abnormal growth of new tissue.
• Neoplastic diseases - Disease characterized by abnormal growth of new tissue. Cell multiplication is.
• Nephritis - Any one of a large group of diseases of the kidney characterized by inflammation and.
• Nephron - Anatomical and functional unit of the kidney consisting of tubules and blood vessels.
• Nephrosclerosis (Nephroangiosclerosis) - Involves small arteries and kidney's filtering system.
• Nephrosis (Nephrotic syndrome) - Form of chronic kidney disease beginning in early childhood.
• Nephrostomy tube - Flexible plastic tube passed into an opening made in the kidney that leads outside.
• Nephrotic syndrome - See Nephrosis.
• Neurinoma - Tumor of the nerve covering. Usually benign, but may undergo malignant change.
• Neuritis - Inflammation of a nerve. Can cause pain, numbness, paralysis or sensitivity of the affected.
• Neuroblastoma - Highly malignant tumor that usually originates in the adrenal glands of young children.
• Neurofibroma - Fibrous tumor of nerve tissue.
• Neurogenic - 1) Forming nervous tissue or stimulating nervous energy. 2) Originating in the nervous.
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Lymphosarcoma) - Malignant tumor of the lymph glands, which is more.
• Non-specific liver disease - Poor liver function in the absence of a known cause.
• Non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia - See Anemia, non-spherocytic hemolytic.
• Nystagmus - Involuntary, rapid movements of the eyeball. Usually caused by an underlying disease.
• Obstructive jaundice (Cholestasis) - Interruption in the flow of bile through any part of the biliary.
• Occlusion - Closing or obstruction. Usually describes a blockage in blood vessels.
• Occult - Hidden from view; difficult to observe directly.
• Opacified - Impervious to light rays or X-rays.
• Optic atrophy - Degeneration of the optic nerve.
• Optic neuritis - Inflammation of the nerve that conducts vision impulses from the eye to the brain.
• Osteoarthritis (Degenerative joint disease) - Degeneration of cartilage at a joint and growth of.
• Osteochondritis dissecans - Inflammation of bone and cartilage, which results in pieces of cartilage.
• Osteochondromas - Benign tumors made of bone and cartilage.
• Osteochondromatosis - Occurrence of multiple osteochondromas. See Osteochondromas.
• Osteomalacia - Abnormal condition resulting in softening of bone. Accompanied by weakness.
• Osteomyelitis - Infection of the bone and bone marrow caused by bacteria, usually staphylococcus.
• Osteoporosis - Loss of normal bone density, mass and strength, leading to increased porousness and.
• Ovarian agenesis - Congenital absence of ovaries resulting in sterility.
• Overhydration - Too much fluid in tissues.
• Peptic ulcer - Lesion of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach, duodenum or of any part of the.
• Percutaneous - Performed through the skin. In some procedures, a needle is passed through the skin.
• Pericardial effusion - Escape of fluid. into the pericardium. See Pericardium.
• Pericarditis, acute - Inflammation of the sac that covers the heart. Symptoms may include chest pain.
• Pericardium - Thin, membranous, double-layered covering of the heart.
• Periodontal disease (Periodonitis) - Inflammation and infection of the gums, causing loss of.
• Peripheral circulation (Peripheral vascular system) - Network of arteries, veins and lymphatic.
• Peripheral vessels - See Peripheral circulation.
• Peripheral-artery disease - Any abnormal condition that affects the arteries outside the heart. Signs.
• Peritoneum - Covering of the intestinal tract and lining of the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
• Peritonitis - Serious infection or inflammation of part or all of the peritoneum. May be fatal if not.
• Pernicious anemia - See Anemia, pernicious.
• Petechiae - Tiny purple or red spots that appear on the skin as a result of very minute hemorrhages.
• Petit mal epilepsy - See Epilepsy, petit mal.
• Pharyngeal - Pertaining to the pharynx or voice box in the throat, which contains the vocal cords.
• Pharyngitis - Throat inflammation and infection that can be caused by a variety of germs (bacteria.
• Phenylketonuria (PKU) - Inherited disorder marked by the inability of phenylalanine (an amino acid).
• Pheochromocytoma - Tumor of the core (medulla) of the adrenal glands. Tumor is usually benign and.
• Phlebitis - Inflammation of a vein.
• Phototherapy - Treatment of a disease by exposure to light, especially variously concentrated light.
• Pituitary diabetes insipidus - Metabolic disorder due to injury of the pituitary gland causing a.
• Placenta previa - Bleeding late in pregnancy caused by placenta attaching too low in the uterus.
• Placental sulfatase deficiency - Deficiency of sulfatase in the placenta.
• Plaques - 1) Small raised area of abnormal material on a surface, such as the skin or blood vessel.
• Plasma - Fluid part of the blood after blood cells and other particles are removed.
• Plasmapheresis (Therapeutic plasma exchange; TPE) - Blood is withdrawn from a vein in the arm.
• Plasmin - Active portion of the chemical system that causes blood clots to dissolve.
• Plasminogen-activator system - System that stimulates the conversion of chemical substances to.
• Platelets - Tiny blood cells (much smaller than red or white blood cells) that assist in blood clotting. A.
• Pleura - Thin tissue lining of the lungs and chest cavity.
• Pleural - Relating or pertaining to pleura. See Pleura.
• Pleurisy - Inflammation of the pleura. See Pleura. A painful condition caused by lung disease.
• Pneumatosis cytoides intestinalis - Disease characterized by the presence of air or gas in abnormal.
• Pneumonia - Inflammation of the lung(s) resulting in tiny air sacs in the lung becoming plugged with.
• Pneumonitis - Inflammation of lung tissue that may be caused by a virus or it may be an allergic.
• Pneumothorax - Collapse of all or part of a lung caused by pressure from free air in the chest between.
• Polycystic ovaries (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) - Ovary enlargement from many small cysts. Ovary.
• Polycystic - Containing many cysts.
• Polycythemia vera - Overproduction of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Cause is.
• Polycythemia - Increase in red blood cells in the body. The disease has three forms. Polycythemia vera.
• Polymyositis - Inflammation of many muscles at one time. Usually accompanied by muscle weakness.
• Polyneuritis - Inflammation of many nerves simultaneously. In acute infectious polyneuritis.
• Polyposis - Formation of numerous polyps. See Polyps. Familial polyposis is an inherited condition in.
• Polyps - Growths. Often on a stalk arising from dry mucous membranes, such as in the nose, cervix or.
• Porphyria cutanea tarda - Type of porphyria usually associated with chronic alcoholism marked by.
• Porphyria, acute intermittent (AIP) - Rare inherited disorder characterized by excessive formation.
• Porphyria - Excretion of porphyrins into the urine. See Porphyrins.
• Porphyrins - Any of a group of pyrrole derivatives found in cytoplasm. These combine with iron and.
• Portacaval shunt - Connection of the portal vein with the vena cava to release backed-up pressure in.
• Portal hypertension - Higher than normal blood pressure in the large vein that collects nourishment.
• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis - Inflammatory disease of kidney occurring about 3 weeks.
• Pott's disease (Tuberculous spondylitis) - Rare, grave form of tuberculosis that is located in the.
• Pre-eclampsia (Toxemia of pregnancy) - Serious disturbance in blood pressure, kidney function and.
• Precocious puberty - Changes of adolescence that occur sooner than expected in young girls or boys.
• Primary biliary cirrhosis - Disease of the liver caused from chronic bile retention. Cause is unknown.
• Primary hypothyroidism - Overabundance of aldosterone, a hormone produced and secreted by the.
• Primary lymphedema - Chronic swelling of a part due to the accumulation of fluid (lymph) caused by.
• Proctitis - Inflammation of the rectum and tissues around the anus. Can be caused by sexually.
• Profile - Most hospital and commercial laboratories offer blood tests collected together in.
• Prolonged activiated partial thromboplastin time - Longer-than-normal time required for clotting to.
• Prostate - Gland surrounding the neck of the bladder and urethra in men.
• Prostatic hypertrophy - Enlargement of the prostate. See Prostate. May obstruct the flow of urine.
• Prostatitis - Inflammation or infection of the prostate. See Prostate. Not contagious. Symptoms may.
• Protein metabolism - Process by which protein foods are used by the body to make tissue proteins.
• Proteus infections - Bacteria normally found in feces, water and soil. May cause urinary tract.
• Pseudo-precocious puberty - Premature sexual development; of unknown cause.
• Pseudocysts - Abnormal or dilated space resembling a cyst but without a membrane lining. Condition.
• Pseudogout - Arthritic condition marked by attacks of gout-like symptoms, usually affecting a single.
• Pseudohypoparathyroidism - Hereditary condition that resembles hypoparathyroidism. In.
• Pseudomembranous enterocolitis (Necrotizing enterocolitis) - Acute inflammatory bowel disorder.
• Pseudotumors - False or phantom tumor.
• Psoriasis - Chronic, scaly skin disorder characterized by frequent remissions and recurrences. Affected.
• Pulmonary disease - Lung disease.
• Pulmonary edema - Accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Caused by a failing heart.
• Pulmonary embolism - Blood clot or fat cells (rarely) in one of the arteries carrying blood to the lungs.
• Pulmonary fibrosis - Fibrous tissue in the lungs causing scarring of tissue from one of many disease.
• Pulmonary infarctions - Death of a section of lung tissue from obstruction of the blood supply. See.
• Pulmonary insufficiency - Subnormal function of the lungs.
• Pulmonary valve - Separates the right bottom chamber of the heart (ventricle) from the pulmonary.
• Pulmonary-valve stenosis - Narrowing of the pulmonary valve. Impairs heart function. Usually there.
• Pulmonary - Lungs.
• Purines - Any of a large group of nitrogen compounds. End products after digestion of certain proteins;.
• Purpura - Purplish or brownish discoloration easily seen through the skin caused by bleeding into the.
• Pyelonephritis (Kidney infection) - Noncontagious bacterial infection of the kidneys. Infection may.
• Pyloric stenosis - Condition in infancy in which encircling muscles enlarge and cause obstruction. It.
• Pyridoxine-responsive anemia - See Anemia, pyridoxine-responsive.
• Radiation therapy (Radiotherapy) - Use of high-energy waves, generated by special X-ray.
• Radiography - Making X-ray films of internal structures of the body by exposure of film specially.
• Radioisotope scan - Radioisotope is given orally or intravenously and becomes concentrated in.
• Radioisotope - Radioactive form of chemical normally present in the body. Chemical elements that give.
• Radiotherapy - See Radiation therapy.
• Raynaud's disease - Primary disorder of the circulatory system that affects blood circulation to fingers.
• Raynaud's phenomenon - Circulation system disorder affecting fingers and toes. A complication of an.
• Rebound stimulation - Response is reversed when stimulus is withdrawn.
• Red cell indices - Blood test that provides important information about the size, hemoglobin.
• Red measles (Rubeola) - Serious viral disease of childhood. Uncommon today because.
• Reflux esophagitis - Irritation of the esophagus from stomach acid splashing upward into the.
• Reiter's disease - Inflammatory disease caused by symptoms resembling those of arthritis, urethritis.
• Renal disease - Any of several diseases affecting the kidneys.
• Renal plasma flow - Rate of blood flow through the kidney.
• Renal tubular acidosis - Loss of base or accumulation of acid in the body due to disease of the.
• Renal tubular disease - Disease of the kidney tubules.
• Renal - Pertaining to the kidney.
• Renovascular hypertension (Portal hypertension) - Abnormally high blood pressure within the.
• Restrictive pericarditis - Pressure develops when an increasing amount of fluid restricts the pumping.
• Reticulocytes - Young, immature red blood cells.
• Reticulocytosis - Excess amount of reticulocytes in the blood.
• Reticuloendothelial system - Body system involved primarily in defense against infection and in.
• Retina - Innermost part of the eyeball.
• Retinitis pigmentosa - Hereditary disease marked by progressive loss of retinal response, leading to.
• Retinopathy - Any non-inflammatory disease of the retina. Associated with various conditions. It is.
• Retroperitoneal thrombosis - Clotting of blood in the retroperitoneal space.
• Retroperitoneal - Pertaining to organs closely attached to the abdominal wall, behind the peritoneum.
• Reye's syndrome - Disease in children and adolescents that involves brain and other major organs.
• Rh-factor - Symbol for rhesus factor. Antigens present on the surface of red blood cells.
• Rh-isoimmunization - Development of agglutination against Rh-blood group antigens in an Rh-negative.
• Rheumatic fever - Inflammatory complication of Group-A strepococcal infections that affects many.
• Rheumatoid arthritis - Illness characterized by joint disease that involves muscles, cartilage and.
• Rickets - Condition caused by insufficient intake or absorption of vitamin D coupled with too little.
• Rickettsial disease - Any disease caused by rickettsial microorganisms. Transmitted to humans by.
• Rickettsial germs - Microorganisms smaller than bacteria and larger than viruses. Cause various.
• Rickettsial-collagen disease - Connective tissue disease caused by rickettsial germs.
• Ring-chromosome formation - Chromosome in which both ends have been lost; broken ends have.
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Caused by rickettsial germs transmitted by a tick bite. Symptoms.
• Rubella (German measles) - Mild, contagious viral illness. Likely to cause serious birth defects to an.
• Salivary-gland disease - Disease of the salivary glands, which secrete saliva.
• Salmonella - Thousands of kinds of salmonella bacteria cause many diseases, including typhoid fever.
• Salt-losing syndrome - Condition characterized by vomiting, dehydration, abnormally low blood.
• Sandhoff's disease - Variant of Tay-Sachs disease that has a progressive, more rapid course. Found.
• Sarcoidosis - Chronic, progressive disease of unknown cause. May cause symptoms in the skin, lungs.
• Sarcoma - Tumor derived from connective tissue.
• Scan - Shortened form of scintiscan, a diagnostic procedure using a scintillation camera to record.
• Scarlatina (Scarlet fever) - Childhood disorder characterized by a bright-red rash. Scarlet fever is.
• Scarlet fever - See Scarlatina.
• Scleroderma - Widespread connective tissue disease in which skin and other body parts gradually.
• Sclerosing cholangitis - Scarring and inflammation of a bile duct.
• Scoliosis - Abnormal lateral curve of a normally straight spine.
• Scotoma - Area of depressed or decreased vision in the visual field that is surrounded by an area of.
• Scurvy (Vitamin-C deficiency) - Illness caused by inadequate intake of vitamin C. Vitamin C is.
• Seborrheic dermatitis - Skin condition characterized by greasy or dry, white scales. Dandruff and.
• Secondary hypothyroidism - Low thyroid function from drugs or other cause.
• Secondary lymphedema - Swelling of a body part due to the accumulation of fluid caused by.
• Secondary syphilis - Second stage of syphilis, characterized by skin rash, fever, swollen glands and.
• Sella turcica - Depression in the floor of the skull that contains the pituitary gland.
• Sensorineuraly deafness - Loss of hearing due to a lesion in the acoustic nerve (the eighth cranial.
• Septal defects - Abnormal, usually congenital, defect in the wall separating two chambers of the heart.
• Septic arthritis - Infection in any joint in the body. See Arthritis.
• Serous - Pertaining to or resembling serum. See Serum.
• Serum sickness - Hypersensitivity reaction following administration of an antiserum. Characterized by.
• Serum - Liquid portion of the blood that remains after blood cells have been removed.
• Sexual precocity - Attainment of sexual maturity before the 6th birthday in girls and the 8th birthday in.
• Shigellosis - Dysentery produced by an infection by a shigella germ.
• Sickle cell anemia - See Anemia, sickle cell.
• Sickle cell trait - Anemia and other signs of sickle cell anemia do not occur in the person with sickle.
• Sigmoid torsion - Twisting of the sigmoid portion of the large intestine.
• Sigmoid - Portion of the large intestine located in the left side of the abdomen. It connects to the.
• Single-vessel disease - Disease involving only one of the coronary artery vessels. See Coronary.
• Sinusitis - Inflammation or infection of the sinuses. Usually refers to the eight sinuses adjacent to the.
• Sjogren's disease - See Sjogren's syndrome.
• Sjogren's syndrome - Benign, chronic inflammation that results in diminished production of tears and.
• Snellen chart - One of several charts used to test vision. Letters, numbers or symbols are arranged on.
• Solid tumors - Growth of tissue of hard, unyielding substance. Differs from a tumor filled with fluid.
• Specificity - Quality or state of being specific. Usually refers to restriction of effect to a particular.
• Spherocytes - Abnormally shaped red blood cells. Cells are sphere shape, in contrast to the doughnut.
• Spherocytosis - Presence of spherocytes in the blood. Caused by some anemias. See Anemia.
• Sphincter of Oddi - Sphincter muscle of the bile duct.
• Spina bifida - Inherited defective closure of the body encasement of the spinal cord through which the.
• Spleen - Large organ on the left side of the upper abdominal cavity next to the stomach. Helps modify.
• Splenectomy (Spleen removal) - Removal of the spleen due to injury (causing rupture and.
• Spondylolisthesis - Forward displacement of one vertebra upon another, usually the fifth lumbar over.
• Sprue - Chronic disorder resulting from malabsorption of nutrients from the small intestine. It occurs in.
• Staphylococcemia - Infection caused by staphylococcus bacteria in the blood. May result in.
• Staphylococcus aureus - Bacteria that frequently causes diseases of the skin and other organs.
• Steatorrhea - Fatty stools.
• Stein-Leventhal syndrome - See Polycystic ovaries.
• Stenosis - Narrowing or stricture of any hollow structure, such as a blood vessel or bile duct.
• Stones - Hard, unyielding substances. Stones may be made in the liver, gallbladder, blood vessels or.
• Storage-pool disease - Metabolic disorder in which some substance accumulates in unusually large.
• Streptococcus pneumoniae - Pneumonia from streptoccoccal infection.
• Streptokinase treatment - Treatment with streptokinase to dissolve blood clots in hollow blood.
• Stress incontinence - Involuntary loss of urine in women that accompanies any action that suddenly.
• Stricture - Abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body. See Stenosis.
• Strip-chart recorder - Device that prints changes in electrical activity for measurement, such as EKG.
• Stroke (Cerebrovascular accident; CVA) - Sudden decrease in the blood supply to part of the.
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) - Chronic bacterial infection of the heart valves often caused.
• Subacute hereditary tyrosinemia - Metabolic disorder characterized by an excess of tyrosine in the.
• Subacute thyroiditis - Inflammation of the thyroid gland usually following mumps, influenza or other.
• Subluxations - Incomplete or partial dislocation.
• Sympathomimetics - Drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, such as adrenalin.
• Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone - See Diabetes insipidus.
• Syndrome - Set of symptoms that occur together.
• Synovitis - Inflammation or infection of the synovium. See Synovium.
• Synovium - Thick fluid secreted by a thin membrane surrounding a joint.
• Syphilis, late - Final, destructive stage of the disease. Symptoms can occur anywhere from 1 to 35.
• Syphilis, primary - First stage of sexually transmitted infectious syphilis. Develops approximately 3.
• Syphilis, secondary - Develops 1 to 8 weeks after the initial chancre appears. It is characterized by a.
• Syphilis - Contagious, sexually transmitted disease that causes widespread tissue destruction if not.
• Syringomelia - Condition characterized by abnormal cavities filled with liquid in the spinal cord.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus - See Lupus erythematosus, systemic.
• TRH (Thyrotropin-releasing factor) - Chemical substance secreted by the hypothalamus. Regulates.
• TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) - Chemical substance secreted by the pituitary gland; controls.
• Tachycardia - Heartbeat that is too fast.
• Tay-Sachs disease - Inherited, rare disorder of the central nervous system in infants and young.
• Temporal lobe epilepsy - See Epilepsy, temporal lobe.
• Teratoma - Tumor made up of several types of different tissue, none of which is native to the area in.
• Thalassemia (Mediterranean anemia; hereditary leptocytosis) - Inherited form of anemia in.
• Thrombocytopenia - Reduction of platelets in the blood, which reduces blood clotting and increases.
• Thrombocytosis - Abnormal increase in the number of platelets. Often causes no symptoms. Usually.
• Thrombophlebitis (superficial) - Inflammation and small blood clots in a vein near the body surface.
• Thrombosis, venous (Deep-vein thrombosis) - Blood clot that forms in a vein, usually in the lower.
• Thrombosis - Blood clot in a blood vessel.
• Thrush - Infection by yeast cells of the mouth, usually in infants.
• Thymectomy - Surgical removal of the thymus gland.
• Thyroid profile - Cost is about $30.00. Blood tests performed include T3 uptake and T4 uptake. See.
• Thyroiditis - Inflammation of the thyroid gland. Acute thyroiditis is caused by a bacterial infection and.
• Thyroxine-binding globulin abnormalities - Condition in which abnormal globulins circulating in the.
• Tibio-fibular disease - Disorders of the two big bones of the leg between the knee and ankle.
• Titer - Quantity of a substance required to produce a reaction with a given volume of another.
• Tonsillitis - Inflammation of the tonsils. Tonsils are small at birth, enlarge during childhood and become.
• Tonsils - Clumps of lymphoid tissue at the back of the throat.
• Toxemia - Presence of toxins in the bloodstream. Also called blood poisoning. See Eclampsia;.
• Toxic adenoma - Small, benign nodule in the thyroid gland that secretes thyroid hormone. Cause is.
• Toxic nodular goiter - Tumor of the thyroid gland with nodules. Causes overactivity of the thyroid.
• Toxic-shock syndrome - Disease characterized by sudden onset of fever, diarrhea, vomiting, sore.
• Toxicosis - Any disease condition due to poisoning.
• Toxins - Poisons, usually produced by or occurring in a microorganism.
• Transferase deficiency - Deficiency of any group of enzymes called transferase. Transferase enzymes.
• Transferrin - Substance present in the blood. It is essential for transportation of iron from the intestine.
• Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) - Temporary decrease in blood supply to part of the brain. The.
• Translocation - Removal to another place. In genetics, the shifting of a segment or fragment of one.
• Tri-Iodothyronine (T3 3) toxicosis (Thyroid storm) - Crisis in uncontrolled hyperthyroidism.
• Tricuspid regurgitation - Abnormal flow of blood backward through the tricuspid valves.
• Tricuspid stenosis - Closure of the tricuspid valves.
• Tricuspid valves - Valves between the left ventricle and the aorta.
• Triploidy - Presence in humans of 69 chromosomes (3 full sets). Frequently causes miscarriages.
• Trisomy - Addition of a third chromosome to an otherwise normal cell.
• Trochar - Instrument with a blunt component inside a sharp tube. Used to pierce the wall of a body.
• Tropical sprue - Chronic form of malabsorption accompanied by diarrhea; occurs in the tropics and.
• Tuberculosis - Contagious, bacterial infection caused by the germ mycobacterium tuberculosis. Usually.
• Tubular epithelial damage - Damage to the lining cells of kidney tubules.
• Tubular function - Normal function of kidney tubules.
• Tularemia - Infectious bacterial disease of rodents that is transmissible to man by infected insects or.
• Tumor - New growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive.
• Turner's syndrome - Chromosome abnormality seen in about 1 in 3,000 live female births. It is.
• Typhus - Disease caused by various species of rickettsia. Symptoms include fever, chills, headache.
• Ulcer - Round, crater-like lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from tissue death.
• Ulcerative colitis - Serious, chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine (colon). Characterized.
• Unconjugated bilirubin - Fat-soluble form of bilirubin that circulates in loose association with plasma.
• Uremia - Presence in blood of excessive amounts of protein metabolism byproducts, such as urea.
• Ureter - Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
• Ureteroceles - Prolapse of the end of the ureter where it joins the bladder. Prolapse is a falling or.
• Urethra - Hollow anatomical structure that leads from the bladder to outside the body.
• Urethritis - Inflammation or infection of the urethra.
• Urogenital - Referring to the kidney and reproductive systems of the human body. Also called.
• Urokinase treatment - Treatment with the enzyme urokinase found in urine. Enzyme activates the.
• Valvular heart disease - Complication of diseases that distort or destroy heart valves. The heart has.
• Varices - Enlarged veins, arteries or lymph vessels.
• Vasculitis - Inflammation of a blood vessel.
• Vasoconstriction - State in which blood vessels are tightened or narrowed. Can be caused by the.
• Vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus - Diabetes insipidus that does not respond to treatment.
• Vasopressin - Hormone made by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland.
• Venous hypertension - Pressure in veins that is higher than normal.
• Venous thrombosis - Blood clot in a vein.
• Vertebral-artery disease - Disease (usually hardening of the artery) in the vertebral artery, a large.
• Vesicoureteral reflux - Condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters.
• Vestibular - Pertaining to an oral cavity in the middle of the inner ear.
• Virilization - Process in which secondary male sexual characteristics are acquired by a female, usually.
• Visual field - Field of vision measured by special tests.
• Vitreous (Vitreous humor) - Clear fluid that fills much of the eye.
• Von Willebrand's disease - Inherited disorder characterized by abnormally slow clotting of the blood.
• Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - Rare, progressive disorder associated with abnormal proteins.
• Wedging - Crowding, forcing or pushing into a limited space.
• Wegener's granulomatosis - Progressive disease characterized by lesions in the bronchi and lungs.
• Whipple's disease - Malabsorption disease characterized by diarrhea, fat in the stool, skin.
• Whooping cough - Serious, contagious, bacterial infection of the bronchial tubes and lungs, most.
• Wilm's tumor - Rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidneys in children under 5 years of age.
• Wilson's syndrome - Degeneration of the liver and the nucleus of the lens in the eye.
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - Inherited immunodeficiency disorder only affecting males. Characterized.
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - Intermittent rapid heartbeat or atrial fibrillation with characteristic.
• Xanthines - Class of drugs that stimulate the brain and smooth muscles, such as bronchial tubes and the.
• Xerophthalmia - Abnormal dryness and thickening of the mucous membrane lining of the eyelids and.
• Yellow vision - Objects appear yellow. One symptom of digitalis toxicity.
• Zenker's diverticulum - Outpouching in the region where the pharynx and esophagus touch.
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - Syndrome with three features: severe ulcers of the stomach or small intestine.

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• Abetalipoproteinemia
• Abnormal basal metabolic rate
• Abruzzo–Erickson syndrome
• Achard–Thiers syndrome
• Acheiropodia
• Achondroplasia
• Achondroplasia in children
• Acorn cyst sign
• Acquired generalized lipodystrophy
• Acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis
• Acromegaly
• Acromesomelic dysplasia
• Actinic conjunctivitis
• Activation syndrome
• Acute (medicine)
• Acute HME syndrome
• Acute bronchitis
• Acute chest syndrome
• Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
• Acute pancreatitis
• Acute radiation syndrome
• Acute retroviral syndrome
• Acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency
• Adams–Nance syndrome
• Adams–Oliver syndrome
• Adams–Stokes syndrome
• Addison's disease
• Adducted thumb syndrome
• Adenitis
• Adenoiditis
• Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
• Adiposogenital dystrophy
• Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
• Adult-onset Still's disease
• Advanced sleep phase disorder
• Aerotoxic syndrome
• Agammaglobulinemia-microcephaly-craniosynostosis-severe dermatitis syndrome
• Age of onset
• Agenesis of the vena cava
• Aging-associated diseases
• Al Gazali Sabrinathan Nair syndrome
• Alabama rot
• Alagille syndrome
• Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
• Alcohol and cancer
• Alcohol intolerance
• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Alexander disease
• Alfalfa pests
• Alien hand syndrome
• Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome
• Allergic response
• Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome
• Alopecia contractures dwarfism intellectual disability syndrome
• Alport syndrome
• Alström syndrome
• Alternating hemiplegia
• Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
• Aluminium phosphide poisoning
• Alvarez' syndrome
• Alzheimer's disease
• Amaurosis congenita, cone-rod type, with congenital hypertrichosis
• Ametropic amblyopia
• Amnion nodosum
• Amyand's hernia
• Anaplastic astrocytoma
• Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
• Animal attack
• Aniridia renal agenesis psychomotor retardation
• Anisochromia
• Anisomastia
• Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
• Anorectal anomalies
• Anterior compartment syndrome
• Anterior interosseous syndrome
• Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis
• Antibiotic sensitivity testing
• Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
• Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
• Anton syndrome
• Aortic Arch Syndrome
• Aortocaval compression syndrome
• Aplasia
• Appendicitis
• Aprosencephaly cerebellar dysgenesis
• Arakawa's syndrome II
• Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency
• Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
• Arteritis
• Arthritis
• Arthrogryposis multiplex with deafness, inguinal hernias, and early death
• Arthrogryposis–renal dysfunction–cholestasis syndrome
• Artificial turf–cancer hypothesis
• Ascending cholangitis
• Ascher's syndrome
• Asherman's syndrome
• Ashman phenomenon
• Asthma
• Asthma-COPD overlap
• Asymptomatic carrier
• Atelosteogenesis type I
• Atherosclerosis
• Athletic heart syndrome
• Atony
• Atresia
• Atrophic gastritis
• Atrophic vaginitis
• Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumour
• Auditory processing disorder
• Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
• Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2
• Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3
• Autophagic vacuolar myopathy
• Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy
• Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features
• Autosomal dominant porencephaly type I
• Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia
• Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy
• Avellis syndrome
• Avulsion injury
• Axillary lymphadenopathy
• Azzopardi phenomenon
• Bacillary peliosis
• Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome
• Balanitis
• Balanitis circinata
• Baller–Gerold syndrome
• Bangstad syndrome
• Barbiturate dependence
• Bare lymphocyte syndrome
• Barrier nursing
• Barré–Liéou syndrome
• Bart syndrome
• Barton's fracture
• Bart–Pumphrey syndrome
• Basopenia
• Batten disease
• Battle's sign
• Baylisascaris
• Behçet's disease
• Benign acute childhood myositis
• Benign hereditary chorea
• Berk–Tabatznik syndrome
• Berlin's edema
• Bethlem myopathy
• Bhaskar–Jagannathan syndrome
• Bifid nose
• Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria
• Biliary fever
• Biliary fistula
• Biliary injury
• Biliary pseudolithiasis
• Bill of health
• Bimalleolar fracture
• Binder's syndrome
• Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease
• Biphasic disease
• Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma
• Black rot
• Blackheart (plant disease)
• Bladder stone (animal)
• Blain (animal disease)
• Blast injury
• Bleb (medicine)
• Blennorrhea
• Blepharitis
• Blepharophimosis-ptosis-esotropia-syndactyly-short stature syndrome
• Blight
• Blind loop syndrome
• Blood-borne disease
• Bloom syndrome
• Blue waffle
• Blue-cone monochromacy
• Blunt trauma
• Body fat redistribution syndrome
• Body load
• Bogart–Bacall syndrome
• Bone health
• Borderline tumor
• Boron deficiency (medicine)
• Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome
• Bosworth fracture
• Botryoid odontogenic cyst
• Brachial amelia, cleft lip, and holoprosencephaly
• Brain abscess
• Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency
• Breast cyst
• Brody myopathy
• Bronchiolitis
• Brooke Greenberg
• Bruise
• Bumper fracture
• Burning feet syndrome
• Burning mouth syndrome
• Burnside–Butler syndrome
• Bursitis
• Busch fracture
• Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome
• CACNA1C-related disorders
• CADASIL
• CAPP-Seq
• CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity
• CDKL5 deficiency disorder
• CHAI disease
• CHDI Foundation
• COAT platelet defect
• COVID-19 and cancer
• CREST syndrome
• Calcific tendinitis
• Calcinosis
• Calculus (medicine)
• Camptocormia
• Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome
• Cancer
• Cancer Likelihood in Plasma
• Cancer and nausea
• Cancer associated retinopathy
• Cancer in Ghana
• Cancer insurance
• Cancer prevention
• Cancer research
• Cancer selection
• Cancer signs and symptoms
• Cancer survival rates
• Cancer systems biology
• Cancer treatment
• Cancer-associated fibroblast
• Cancer/testis antigens
• Canities subita
• Canker
• Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
• Carbamate poisoning
• Cardiocranial syndrome, Pfeiffer type
• Cardiovascular disease
• Cardiovascular disease in Nepal
• Cardiovascular syndrome
• Cat bite
• Cataract
• Cataract-microcornea syndrome
• Catarrh
• Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
• Catastrophic illness
• Catastrophic injury
• Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
• Cause (medicine)
• Cause of obsessive–compulsive disorder
• Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome
• Causes of Parkinson's disease
• Causes of cancer
• Causes of cancer pain
• Causes of mental disorders
• Causes of seizures
• Cell-mediated immunity
• Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1
• Cellulitis
• CendR
• Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
• Central nervous system syndrome
• Central nervous system tumor
• Centrilobular necrosis
• Cerebellar abiotrophy
• Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
• Cerebral creatine deficiency
• Cerebral vasculitis
• Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts
• Cervicitis
• Cervicocranial syndrome
• Chalkstick fracture
• Chattering teeth
• Chemical colitis
• Chemosis
• Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
• Chest photofluorography
• Chiari malformation
• Chiari–Frommel syndrome
• Child psychopathology
• Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome
• Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis
• Childhood tumor syndrome
• Chills
• Chlorellosis
• Cholecystitis
• Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type
• Chorioamnionitis
• Choroideremia
• Chromatin remodeling
• Chronic actinic dermatitis
• Chronic atrophic rhinitis
• Chronic condition
• Chronic deciduitis
• Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene
• Chronic multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Chronic wasting disease
• Chyloderma
• Ciliopathy
• Circulating tumor DNA
• Claire Wineland
• Climate change and infectious diseases
• Climber's finger
• Climbing injuries
• Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome
• Clinophilia
• Cobb syndrome
• Coccidia
• Cockayne syndrome
• Codon reassignment
• Coeliac disease
• Coinfection
• Cold chill
• Cold compression therapy
• Cold sensitivity
• Colitis
• Collagen loss
• Collagen-induced arthritis
• Collective cell migration
• Colonic ulcer
• Combined immunodeficiencies
• Common cold
• Common variable immunodeficiency
• Community-acquired pneumonia
• Comorbidity
• Compartment syndrome
• Complement 2 deficiency
• Complement deficiency
• Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Complications of prolonged standing
• Component causes
• Computer vision syndrome
• Computer-induced medical problems
• Concrescence
• Concussions in American football
• Concussions in sport
• Condensing osteitis
• Condylar resorption
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
• Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
• Congenital cartilaginous rest of the neck
• Congenital fiber type disproportion
• Congenital hemolytic anemia
• Congenital hypoplastic anemia
• Congenital insensitivity to pain
• Congenital limb deformities
• Conjunctivitis
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Contagious disease
• Copper deficiency
• Cord colitis syndrome
• Cordon sanitaire (medicine)
• Cornea plana 1
• Cornea plana 2
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome
• Coronary artery disease
• Coronary steal
• Cotton fever
• Cowpox
• Cramp fasciculation syndrome
• Cranberry fruit rot
• Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia
• Craniocervical instability
• Craniometaphyseal dysplasia
• Craniorhiny
• Cranioschisis
• Craniosynostosis and dental anomalies
• Craniosynostosis with anomalies of the cranial base and digits
• Craniosynostosis, Adelaide type
• Craniosynostosis-Dandy-Walker malformation-hydrocephalus syndrome
• Craniosynostosis-fibular aplasia syndrome
• Craniosynostosis–anal anomalies–porokeratosis syndrome
• Creatine transporter defect
• Critical community size
• Crohn's disease
• Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome
• Crush injury
• Crush syndrome
• Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome
• Cruveilhier–Baumgarten disease
• Cryoimmunotherapy
• Cryptitis
• Cryptophthalmos
• Cryptotia
• Crystallopathy
• Cuboid syndrome
• Cuffitis
• Cuneiform fracture
• Custom-made medical device
• Cyst
• Cystitis cystica
• Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency
• Cytomegalic inclusion body disease
• Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
• Cytopenia
• Cytoreductive surgery
• DCAP-BTLS
• DNA repair-deficiency disorder
• DOCK8 deficiency
• Dacryoadenitis
• Dactylitis
• Daentl Townsend Siegel syndrome
• Damping off
• Darier's disease
• De Quervain syndrome
• Dead arm syndrome
• Death by vending machine
• Defense wound
• Deficiency (medicine)
• Degenerative disease
• Degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis
• Degloving
• Dehydration
• Delayed milestone
• Delayed sleep phase disorder
• Dementia
• Dementia with Lewy bodies
• Dent's disease
• Dental abscess
• Dermatomyositis
• Dermatoosteolysis, Kirghizian type
• Dermatopolymyositis
• Descending perineum syndrome
• Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy
• Dietary inflammatory index
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
• Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
• Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor
• Diogenes syndrome
• Diplomatic illness
• Dipygus
• Discitis
• Discovery of disease-causing pathogens
• Disease
• Disease cluster
• Disease mongering
• Disease outbreak
• Disease package
• Disease resistance
• Disease vector
• Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century
• Diseases of abnormal polymerization
• Diseases of affluence
• Diseases of poverty
• Disfigurement
• Dislocation of hip in animals
• Disseminated disease
• Distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V
• Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 2
• Distal trisomy 10q
• Distichiasis, congenital heart defects and mixed peripheral vascular anomalies
• Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
• Down syndrome
• Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia
• Dryness (medical)
• Duane-radial ray syndrome
• Dunnigan familial partial lipodystrophy
• Duodenal lymphocytosis
• Dutch hypothesis
• Dwarfism
• Dwarfism, low-birth-weight type with unresponsiveness to growth hormone
• Dysacusis
• Dysbiosis
• Dysgammaglobulinemia
• Dyslalia
• Dysorthography
• Dysosteosclerosis
• Dyssynergia
• EPPO Code
• EUROCAT (medicine)
• EWS/FLI
• Eagle syndrome
• Echinococcus multilocularis
• Ectopic testis
• Ectopic ureter
• Ectrodactyly with tibia aplasia/hypoplasia
• Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use
• Effort incontinence
• Einstein syndrome
• Ejaculation disorders
• Electrical injury
• Electrocution
• Elliptocyte
• Eluru outbreak
• Emberger syndrome
• Emerging infectious disease
• Emphysematous cystitis
• Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis
• Encephalitis
• Endaural phenomena
• Endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis
• Endocarditis
• Endogenous infection
• Endometritis
• Endotheliitis
• Enteritis
• Enterocolitis
• Enteropathic arthropathy
• Enteropathy
• Enterotoxin type B
• Entomophobia
• Environmental dependency syndrome
• Environmental disease
• Environmental factor
• Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome
• Eosinophilic cystitis
• Eosinophilic fasciitis
• Epiblepharon
• Epicondylitis
• Epidemiology of syphilis
• Epididymal cyst
• Epididymitis
• Epigenetic clock
• Epilepsy in animals
• Epilepsy syndromes
• Epileptic spasms
• Epiploic appendagitis
• Episcleritis
• Episodic dyscontrol syndrome
• Epizootic
• Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid
• Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
• Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
• Epoxygenase
• Erdheim–Chester disease
• Erondu–Cymet syndrome
• Erucin
• Esophageal motility disorder
• Esophagitis
• Esthiomene
• Evolution of Infectious Disease
• Excess ovarian androgen release syndrome
• Exothrix
• Experimental Bacteriology
• Exposure keratopathy
• Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
• Extramammary Paget's disease
• Extrapyramidal symptoms
• Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
• Eye disease
• FATCO
• FET protein family
• Fabry disease
• Factitious disorder imposed on another
• Failure to thrive
• Falling (accident)
• Falls in older adults
• Familial cirrhosis
• Familial dwarfism and painful muscle spasms
• Familial dysautonomia
• Familial multiple intestinal atresia
• Familial opposable triphalangeal thumbs duplication
• Familial osteodysplasia, Anderson type
• Familial partial lipodystrophy
• Familial renal amyloidosis
• Fanconi syndrome
• Farber disease
• Fares Scale of Injuries due to Cluster Munitions
• Fasciitis
• Fasciola gigantica
• Fasciola hepatica
• Fasciolosis
• Fauces (throat)
• Fazio–Londe disease
• Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis
• Femur fibula ulna syndrome
• Fertility preservation
• Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
• Fetal hydantoin syndrome
• Fetal warfarin syndrome
• Fever
• Fever of unknown origin
• Fibrinogenolysis
• Fibrinolysis syndrome
• Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors
• Fibromyalgia syndrome
• Fibrosing colonopathy
• Fibrosis
• Filariasis
• Filippi syndrome
• First arch syndrome
• Fistula
• Flammer syndrome
• Floppy eyelid syndrome
• Florid cutaneous papillomatosis
• Flying glass
• Focal proliferative nephritis
• Foix–Chavany–Marie syndrome
• Follicle-stimulating hormone insensitivity
• Fomite
• Forbes-Albright syndrome
• Foreign animal disease
• Forma specialis
• Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency
• Fraser syndrome
• Frasier syndrome
• Fratricidins
• Fresh water skin disease
• Freshers' flu
• Friability
• Froin's syndrome
• Frontal horn cyst
• Fuchs' dystrophy
• Fumigatory box
• Functional disorder
• Fungal pneumonia
• Fusarium
• Fusarium oxysporum
• GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder
• GOSR2-related progressive myoclonus ataxia
• Gartner's duct cyst
• Gastritis
• Gastrocutaneous syndrome
• Gastroenteritis
• Gastrointestinal syndrome
• Gaucher's disease
• Generalized arterial calcification of infancy
• Genetic disorder
• Genetics of GnRH deficiency conditions
• Genital trauma
• Genitourinary amoebiasis
• Genitourinary tract injury
• Genome instability
• Germ theory of disease
• Giant-cell fibroma
• Giardiasis
• Gigantism
• Gingivitis
• Gleich's syndrome
• Glenolabral articular disruption
• Glioblastoma
• Global Genes
• Global Viral
• Globalization and disease
• Glomerular hyperfiltration
• Glomerulonephritis
• Glomerulopathy
• Glossitis
• Glucocorticoid resistance
• Glutaminase deficiency
• Glycogen storage disease type IX
• Glycogenic hepatopathy
• Gnathitis
• Golfer's vasculitis
• Gollop-Wolfgang complex
• Gonadotropin insensitivity
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity
• Gougerot–Blum syndrome
• Gouverneur's syndrome
• Gradenigo's syndrome
• Graham-Little syndrome
• Graham–Boyle–Troxell syndrome
• Granular myringitis
• Granuloma
• Gray baby syndrome
• Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
• Green Tobacco Sickness
• Green nail syndrome
• Grinspan's syndrome
• Griscelli syndrome type 2
• Griscelli syndrome type 3
• Grisel's syndrome
• Growing teratoma syndrome
• Growth hormone deficiency
• Guard theory
• Guillain–Barré syndrome
• Gulf War syndrome
• Gunshot wound
• HEC syndrome
• HFE H63D gene mutation
• HHH syndrome
• HIV/AIDS
• HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer awareness and prevention
• Haab's striae
• Haglund's syndrome
• Hailey–Hailey disease
• Hair tourniquet
• Halal syndrome
• Hamman's syndrome
• Hamman-Rich syndrome
• Hangnail
• Haploinsufficiency of A20
• Harris platelet syndrome
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Haverhill fever
• Head pressing
• Headache
• Healing
• Health problems of musicians
• Heart failure
• Heat intolerance
• Heavy legs
• Heel pad syndrome
• Heel spur syndrome
• Hemihyperplasia–multiple lipomatosis syndrome
• Hemihypertrophy
• Hemispatial neglect
• Hemoglobin Lepore syndrome
• Hemoglobin O
• Hennekam syndrome
• Hepatitis
• Hepatitis X
• Hepatoid tumor
• Hepatolithiasis
• Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
• Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis
• Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
• Hereditary haemochromatosis
• Hereditary hyperbilirubinemia
• Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy
• Herpetic gingivostomatitis
• Heterogeneous condition
• Hexokinase deficiency
• Hickey
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• High pressure injection injury
• High-arched palate
• Histidinuria renal tubular defect syndrome
• History of chronic fatigue syndrome
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Holdsworth fracture
• Holiday heart syndrome
• Holoendemic
• Homogeneously staining region
• Honeymoon rhinitis
• Hopkins syndrome
• Horizontal gaze palsy
• Horizontal transmission
• Hospital-acquired infection
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia
• Host factor
• Howel–Evans syndrome
• Ho–Kaufman–Mcalister syndrome
• Hughes–Stovin syndrome
• Human Growth Foundation
• Human Pathogens and Toxins Act
• Human somatic variation
• Human-to-human transmission
• Human-to-primate transmission
• Hunter syndrome
• Huntington's disease
• Hurler syndrome
• Hurler–Scheie syndrome
• Hutchinson's triad
• Hydremia
• Hyperchlorhydria
• Hyperendemic
• Hyperglycerolemia
• Hypermobility (joints)
• Hyperosmolar syndrome
• Hyperprolactinaemia
• Hyperprolactinemic SAHA syndrome
• Hyperproteinemia
• Hyperprothrombinemia
• Hyperspermia
• Hypertension and brachydactyly syndrome
• Hypertension and the brain
• Hypertrichosis cubiti
• Hyperventilation syndrome
• Hyperviscosity syndrome
• Hypnozygote
• Hypochondroplasia
• Hypodysfibrinogenemia
• Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
• Hypophysitis
• Hypoplasminogenemia
• Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
• Hypotonia
• Hypotrichosis–acro-osteolysis–onychogryphosis–palmoplantar keratoderma–periodontitis syndrome
• Hypotrichosis–lymphedema–telangiectasia syndrome
• Hystrix-like ichthyosis–deafness syndrome
• ICD coding for rare diseases
• Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia syndrome
• Ichthyosis-intellectual disability-dwarfism-renal impairment
• Idiopathic chronic fatigue
• Idiopathic disease
• Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
• Idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis
• Idiopathic hypercalcinuria
• Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
• Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Idiopathic pure sudomotor failure
• Idiopathic short stature
• Ileitis
• Ileosigmoid knot
• Iliocostal friction syndrome
• Iliotibial band syndrome
• Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
• Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
• Immunization during pregnancy
• Immunodeficiency 26
• Impaction (animals)
• Imposex
• Inborn errors of steroid metabolism
• Inclusion body myositis
• Incubation period
• Indian Genetic Disease Database
• Ineffective erythropoiesis
• Infant and toddler safety
• Infant respiratory distress syndrome
• Infantile cerebellar retinal degeneration
• Infantile cortical hyperostosis
• Infantile digital fibromatosis
• Infantile speech
• Infection
• Infection prevention and control
• Infection rate
• Infections associated with diseases
• Infectious Disease (Notification) Act 1889
• Infectious causes of cancer
• Infectious diseases (athletes)
• Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
• Infectious period
• Infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
• Infiltrative ophthalmopathy
• Inflammaging
• Inflammation
• Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
• Inflammatory fibroid polyp
• Influenza-like illness
• Inguinal lymphadenopathy
• Inherited thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Injury
• Injury in humans
• Insulitis
• Intellectual disability-spasticity-ectrodactyly syndrome
• Internal bleeding
• International Cocoa Quarantine Centre
• International Sanitary Conferences
• Intertrigo
• Interventional oncology
• Intestinal infectious diseases
• Intraarticular fracture
• Intracapsular fracture
• Intracellular bacteria
• Intracranial epidermoid cyst
• Intracranial hypertension syndrome
• Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct
• Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities
• Intravenous marijuana syndrome
• Invasive urothelial carcinoma
• Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome
• Iris hypoplasia with glaucoma
• Irlen syndrome
• Irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder
• Irritation
• Irritation fibroma
• Irukandji syndrome
• Irvine–Gass syndrome
• Isolated growth hormone deficiency
• Isolated hyperCKemia
• Isolation (health care)
• Isolation ward
• Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
• Jansky–Bielschowsky disease
• Jeavons syndrome
• Johnson–Munson syndrome
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
• Juvenile nephronophthisis
• KCNQ2 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
• Kawasaki disease
• Kennel cough
• Keratic precipitate
• Keratitis
• Keratoconjunctivitis
• Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma syndrome
• Keratosis pilaris
• Ketosis-prone diabetes
• Kibong'oto Hospital
• Killian–Jamieson diverticulum
• Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Knee arthritis
• Knobloch syndrome
• Koch's postulates
• Kowarski syndrome
• Krabbe disease
• Kufor–Rakeb syndrome
• König's syndrome
• LPS-responsive beige-like anchor protein deficiency
• LRBA deficiency
• Laboratory-acquired infection
• Labyrinthitis
• Lace bite
• Lafora disease
• Laminopathy
• Landau–Kleffner syndrome
• Langer–Giedion syndrome
• Laron syndrome
• Laryngitis
• Late effect
• Late life depression
• Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Latent period (epidemiology)
• Lazarus syndrome
• Leaky gut syndrome
• Legius syndrome
• Leigh syndrome
• Leiner's disease
• Lenz–Majewski syndrome
• Leprosy
• Leriche's syndrome
• Leschke syndrome
• Lethal congenital contracture syndrome
• Lethal dwarfism in rabbits
• Letterer–Siwe disease
• Leucosis
• Leukotriene receptor antagonist-associated Churg–Strauss syndrome
• Levator ani syndrome
• Levocardia
• Leydig cell hypoplasia
• Lifestyle disease
• Ligneous conjunctivitis
• Lima syndrome
• Limb girdle syndrome
• Limbal nodule
• Linburg–Comstock variation
• Lions Eye Institute
• Lipoatrophy
• Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy
• List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
• List of OMIM disorder codes
• List of Rift Valley fever outbreaks
• List of WHO fungal priority pathogens
• List of anthrax outbreaks
• List of autoimmune diseases
• List of awareness ribbons
• List of biological development disorders
• List of cancer types
• List of causes of shortness of breath
• List of childhood diseases and disorders
• List of circulatory system conditions
• List of countries by cancer deaths
• List of countries by cancer rate
• List of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks
• List of diseases (0–9)
• List of diseases (A)
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• List of diseases by year of discovery
• List of diseases eliminated from the United States
• List of diseases spread by invertebrates
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• List of infectious diseases causing flu-like syndrome
• List of inflammatory disorders
• List of language disorders
• List of mental disorders
• List of neurological conditions and disorders
• List of notifiable diseases
• List of parasites of humans
• List of pathogens by size
• List of pollution-related diseases
• List of rare disease organisations
• List of skin conditions
• List of syndromes
• List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
• List of types of inflammation by location
• List of types of malnutrition
• Lists of diseases
• Little People of America
• Li–Fraumeni syndrome
• Local gigantism
• Localized disease
• Locked-in syndrome
• Loin pain hematuria syndrome
• Loose anagen syndrome
• Low anterior resection syndrome
• Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
• Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma
• Lower respiratory tract infection
• Lucey–Driscoll syndrome
• Ludwig's angina
• Lund and Browder chart
• Lupus vasculitis
• Lymph node metastasis
• Lymphadenopathy
• Lymphatic malformation 6 syndrome
• Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome
• Lymphocytic colitis
• Lynch Syndrome
• Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency
• Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis
• MAGIC Foundation
• MEDNIK syndrome
• MELAS syndrome
• Macrocephaly-capillary malformation
• Macrodystrophia lipomatosa
• Macrophage activation syndrome
• Maculopathy
• Mad cow crisis
• Majeed syndrome
• Majewski's polydactyly syndrome
• Malaise
• Male genital disease
• Malformative syndrome
• Mallory–Weiss syndrome
• Malnutrition–inflammation complex
• Management of acute coronary syndrome
• Manning criteria
• Mannosidosis
• Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome
• Mast cell activation syndrome
• Mastitis
• Mastocytoma in dogs
• Mastoiditis
• Maxwell Finland Award
• Maydl's hernia
• Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome
• May–White syndrome
• Mazzotti reaction
• McArdle syndrome
• McCune–Albright syndrome
• McCusick syndrome
• McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome
• Mean world syndrome
• MecA
• Mechanical anisocoria
• Meckel–Gruber syndrome
• Meconium aspiration syndrome
• Median palatal cyst
• Medical geography
• Medicinal fungi
• Megalocornea
• Megarectum
• Megaureter
• Megavitamin-B6 syndrome
• Melanocytic tumor
• Melanoma
• Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
• Meltzer's triad
• Membranous glomerulonephritis
• Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease
• Menkes disease
• Mensacarcin
• Meromelia
• Mesenteric cyst
• Mesenteric pseudocyst
• Mesomelia
• Mesothelial hyperplasia
• Metallosis
• Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Schmid type
• Methaemalbuminaemia
• Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency
• Metropathia haemorrhagica
• MiR-206
• Michelin tire baby syndrome
• Microbial pathogenesis
• Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II
• Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Montreal type
• Microcephaly lymphoedema chorioretinal dysplasia
• Microcornea, glaucoma, and absent frontal sinuses
• Microcyte
• Microdeletion syndrome
• Microorchidism
• Microphthalmia–dermal aplasia–sclerocornea syndrome
• Microsatellite instability
• Microspherophakia
• Microtrauma
• Midget
• Mikulicz syndrome
• Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Mildew
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Miller Fisher syndrome
• Miller–Dieker syndrome
• Million-dollar wound
• Milwaukee shoulder syndrome
• Minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis
• Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer
• Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
• Mitochondrial complex II deficiency
• Mitotic catastrophe
• Mitral valve prolapse
• Mittelschmerz
• Mixed tumor
• Molecular Koch's postulates
• Molecular mimicry
• Molecular tumor board
• Mondini dysplasia
• MonoMAC
• Monofixation syndrome
• Monoplegia
• Morquio syndrome
• Mortal wound
• Mortimer's disease
• Morvan's syndrome
• Mottle
• Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage syndrome
• Moyamoya disease
• Moynahan syndrome
• Muenke syndrome
• Muir–Torre syndrome
• Multifactorial disease
• Multifocal fibrosclerosis
• Multifocal stenosing ulceration of the small intestine
• Multimodal cancer therapy
• Multimorbidity
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
• Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome
• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
• Multisystem proteinopathy
• Musculoskeletal injury
• Music-specific disorders
• Mycetoma
• Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
• Mycosis fungoides
• Mycotic aneurysm
• Myelitis
• Myocardial infarction
• Myocardial infarction complications
• Myocardial infarction diagnosis
• Myocarditis
• Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome
• Myoclonic astatic epilepsy
• Myofascial trigger point
• Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome
• Myopericarditis
• Myopia in animals
• Myopic crescent
• Myositis
• Myositis ossificans
• Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy
• Myringomycosis
• NGLY1 deficiency
• NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria
• Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome
• Nakajo syndrome
• Nasal septum deviation
• Nasal vestibulitis
• Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome
• Nasopharyngeal cyst
• Natural history of disease
• Naxos syndrome
• Necrobiosis
• Necrospermia
• Necrotizing fasciitis
• Necrotizing pneumonia
• Needlestick injury
• Negative room pressure
• Neglected tropical diseases
• Neonatal infection
• Neonatal seizure
• Neoplasm
• Neotenic complex syndrome
• Nephritis
• Nephromegaly
• Neuroacanthocytosis
• Neurocristopathy
• Neurogenic inflammation
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
• Neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome
• Nevo syndrome
• Newborn care and safety
• Nice Guy syndrome
• Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome
• Nicolau–Balus syndrome
• Niemann–Pick disease
• Night eating syndrome
• Nintendo thumb
• Nipple discharge
• Nodding disease
• Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
• Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
• Non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis
• Non-communicable disease
• Non-gonococcal urethritis
• Nonpuerperal mastitis
• Nonvenereal endemic syphilis
• Noonan syndrome
• Normochromic anemia
• Norrie disease
• North Carolina macular dystrophy
• Notifiable disease
• Numerophobia
• Nutcracker fracture
• Nutcracker syndrome
• OSLAM syndrome
• Obesity and cancer
• Obesity in pets
• Occupational Cancer Convention, 1974
• Occupational infectious disease
• Occupational injury
• Occupational safety and health
• Ocular ischemic syndrome
• Oculo-respiratory syndrome
• Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome
• Oculomucocutaneous syndrome
• Oculopharyngodistal myopathy
• Odontoma dysphagia syndrome
• Odonto–tricho–ungual–digital–palmar syndrome
• Odynorgasmia
• Oedema glottidis
• Ohtahara syndrome
• Old age
• Oligoamenorrhea
• Oliver–McFarlane syndrome
• Omasitis
• Omphalitis of newborn
• Oncogene addiction
• One and a half syndrome
• Oophoritis
• Ophthalmia
• Opitz G/BBB syndrome
• Opportunistic infection
• Oral Cancer Foundation
• Oral allergy syndrome
• Oral mite anaphylaxis
• Orbital apex syndrome
• Orchitis
• Organ perforation
• Organ-limited amyloidosis
• Organic brain syndrome
• Organic dust toxic syndrome
• Ormdl sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3
• Ornithinaemia
• Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
• Oromandibular dystonia
• Orthophoria
• Orthostatic albuminuria
• Osgood–Schlatter disease
• Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
• Osteitis
• Osteitis pubis
• Osteochondritis
• Osteochondritis dissecans
• Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis
• Osteopenia
• Osteopetrosis
• Osteoporosis
• Otitis
• Otodental syndrome
• Otofacial syndrome
• Ovarian cyst
• Overgrowth syndrome
• Overlap syndrome
• PAPA syndrome
• PASLI disease
• PGM3 deficiency
• PH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery
• PHI-base
• PMM2 deficiency
• Pacak–Zhuang syndrome
• Pacemaker syndrome
• Paget's abscess
• Paget's disease of bone
• Paget's disease of the breast
• Pain
• Pain asymbolia
• Pain disorder
• Pallister–Hall syndrome
• Pallister–Killian syndrome
• Palpable purpura
• Panayiotopoulos syndrome
• Pancreatic cyst
• Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
• Pancreaticobiliary maljunction
• Pancreatitis
• Panophthalmitis
• Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
• Panuveitis
• Panzootic
• Papillary stenosis
• Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome
• Parabiosis
• Parametritis
• Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer
• Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis
• Paraproctitis
• Parastremmatic dwarfism
• Parathyroiditis
• Paresis
• Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome
• Paris-Trousseau syndrome
• Parkes Weber syndrome
• Parkinson's disease
• Parotitis
• Paroxysmal hand hematoma
• Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
• Parry–Romberg syndrome
• Parsonage–Turner syndrome
• Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Pashayan syndrome
• Patau syndrome
• Patellar subluxation syndrome
• Patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Pathogen
• Pathogen transmission
• Patient under investigation
• Patterson syndrome
• Peeling skin syndrome
• Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease
• Pellucid marginal degeneration
• Pemphigus erythematosus
• Pendred syndrome
• Pendular nystagmus
• Penetrating trauma
• Penile Artery Shunt Syndrome
• Penile discharge
• Pericardial cyst
• Pericarditis
• Perichondritis
• Perifolliculitis
• Perimyositis
• Perinephritis
• Periodic fever syndrome
• Periodontal disease
• Peripheral odontogenic fibroma
• Peripheral ulcerative keratitis
• Peritoneal inclusion cyst
• Peritonitis
• Peronospora trifoliorum
• Persistent adrenarche syndrome
• Persistent genital arousal disorder
• Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
• Persister cells
• Pes anserine bursitis
• Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
• Peyronie's disease
• Pfeiffer syndrome
• Phagophobia
• Phantom eye syndrome
• Phantom limb
• Pharyngitis
• Phlebitis
• Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
• Phlegmon
• Photophthalmia
• Photosensitivity in animals
• Phyllody
• Picardy sweat
• Pickardt syndrome
• Pierre Marie
• Pierre Robin sequence
• Pigment dispersion syndrome
• Pigmented hairy epidermal nevus syndrome
• Pilonidal disease
• Pilotto syndrome
• Pineal gland cyst
• Piriformis syndrome
• Plague Time: The New Germ Theory of Disease
• Plantar fasciitis
• Platinosis
• Pleurisy
• Pleurothotonus
• Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor
• Plica syndrome
• Pneumatosis
• Pneumonia
• Pneumonia (non-human)
• Pneumonitis
• Pneumoscrotum
• Pneumosinus dilatans
• Poison Book Project
• Polar T3 syndrome
• Polio-like syndrome
• Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy
• Polymenorrhagia
• Polymyositis
• Pool suction-drain injury
• Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
• Pork–cat syndrome
• Post traumatic stress syndrome
• Post-acute infection syndrome
• Post-concussion syndrome
• Post-intensive care syndrome
• Post-micturition convulsion syndrome
• Post-nasal drip
• Post-thrombotic syndrome
• Post-vasectomy pain syndrome
• Postcholecystectomy syndrome
• Posterior cerebral artery syndrome
• Posterior cortical atrophy
• Postmenopausal confusion
• Postpartum chills
• Postperfusion syndrome
• Postpericardiotomy syndrome
• Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
• Postvaccinal encephalitis
• Potocki–Shaffer syndrome
• Pott's disease
• Potter sequence
• Powder burn
• Pratique
• Pre-metastatic niche
• Preauricular sinus and cyst
• Precordial catch syndrome
• Prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis
• Premenstrual syndrome
• Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
• Pretzel syndrome
• Preureteric vena cava
• Prevalence of rabies
• Preventorium
• Primary aldosteronism
• Primary fibrinogenolysis
• Primary myelofibrosis
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Primordial dwarfism
• Prince Henry Hospital, Sydney
• Prion
• Proarrhythmia
• Proctitis
• Progeria
• Progeroid syndromes
• Progressive disease
• Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Prolymphocytic leukemia
• Pronator teres syndrome
• Propofol infusion syndrome
• Prostatitis
• Prosthetic joint infection
• Protective isolation
• Protein toxicity
• Proteus-like syndrome
• Protothecosis
• Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome
• Pseudo-goitre
• Pseudoachondroplasia
• Pseudoallergy
• Pseudodementia
• Pseudodyssynergia
• Pseudoenzyme
• Pseudoexfoliation syndrome
• Pseudokinase
• Psychological effects of method acting
• Psychosocial short stature
• Puer aeternus
• Pullorum disease
• Pulmonary-renal syndrome
• Pulpitis
• Purple glove syndrome
• Purple urine bag syndrome
• Pyelonephritis
• Pylephlebitis
• Pyomyositis
• Pyonephrosis
• Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis
• Qazi–Markouizos syndrome
• Quadrilateral space syndrome
• Quarantine
• RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder
• RASopathy
• RNA-dominant disease
• ROHHAD
• Rabbit syndrome
• Rabies
• Radial aplasia
• Radial tunnel syndrome
• Radiation colitis
• Railway spine
• Raine syndrome
• Rapunzel syndrome
• Rare variant (genetics)
• Rarefying osteitis
• Rat-bite fever
• Raymond–Céstan syndrome
• Raynaud syndrome
• Reactive aldehyde species
• Reactive arthritis
• Reactive gastropathy
• Reactive oxygen species
• Rectal bleeding
• Rectitis
• Recurrent cancer
• Refeeding syndrome
• Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia
• Regression (medicine)
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Relapsing–remitting
• Remission (medicine)
• Renal ischemia
• Renfield syndrome
• Renpenning's syndrome
• Reparagen
• Respiratory tract infection
• Restless legs syndrome
• Retained antrum syndrome
• Reticulocytopenia
• Reticuloendotheliosis virus
• Retinal cone dystrophy 3B
• Retinal vasculitis
• Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations
• Retirement syndrome
• Retrobulbar bleeding
• Retrocolic hernia
• Retrognathism
• Reverse zoonosis
• Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
• Revesz syndrome
• Reye syndrome
• Reynolds syndrome
• Rh deficiency syndrome
• Rheumatic fever
• Rhinitis
• Rhizomelic dysplasia, scoliosis, and retinitis pigmentosa
• Rib fracture
• Riddoch syndrome
• Riga–Fede disease
• Riley-Day Syndrome
• Ring chromosome 14 syndrome
• Ring chromosome 15
• Ring chromosome 18
• Ring chromosome 20 syndrome
• Rising of the lights
• Risk factors of schizophrenia
• Roberts syndrome
• Rochon-Duvigneaud's syndrome
• Roemheld syndrome
• Rombo syndrome
• Root rot
• Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome
• Rosette (schizont appearance)
• Ross' syndrome
• Rosselli–Gulienetti syndrome
• Rothmund–Thomson syndrome
• Rotor syndrome
• Roussy–Lévy syndrome
• Rudiger syndrome
• Rumination syndrome
• Russian spy poisoning
• Ruzicka Goerz Anton syndrome
• SACRAL syndrome
• SAHA syndrome
• SAPHO syndrome
• SHORT syndrome
• SIDS
• SLC35A1-CDG
• SLITRK1
• STAR syndrome
• STAT3 GOF
• STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy
• SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability
• SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder
• Saal Bulas syndrome
• Saal Greenstein syndrome
• Sabinas brittle hair syndrome
• Sack–Barabas syndrome
• Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome
• Salivary gland aplasia
• Salivary gland atresia
• Salivary gland fistula
• Salivary gland hyperplasia
• Salivary gland hypoplasia
• Sandhoff disease
• Sandifer syndrome
• Sanfilippo syndrome
• Sapronosis
• Sarcopenia
• Sarcopenic obesity
• Satoyoshi syndrome
• Savant syndrome
• Say syndrome
• Say–Meyer syndrome
• Scalp–ear–nipple syndrome
• Scar free healing
• Scheie syndrome
• Schmitt Gillenwater Kelly syndrome
• Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy
• Schwartz–Jampel syndrome
• Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome
• Scleritis
• Sclerocornea
• Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
• Sclerosteosis
• Scott syndrome
• Scurvy
• Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis
• Seaver Cassidy syndrome
• Seckel syndrome
• Second-impact syndrome
• Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
• Secretan's syndrome
• Seizure
• Selenomonas noxia
• Senile osteoporosis
• Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis
• Sensory loss
• Sentinel surveillance
• Sepsis
• Septo-optic dysplasia
• Serotonin syndrome
• Serpentine fibula-polycystic kidney syndrome
• Serpiginous choroiditis
• Sertoli cell nodule
• Sertoli cell-only syndrome
• Serum sickness-like reaction
• Sesamoiditis
• Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans
• Severe cutaneous adverse reactions
• Sex differences in medicine
• Sexual anomalies
• Shaken baby syndrome
• Shaker (gene)
• Sham rage
• Sheehan's syndrome
• Shell nail syndrome
• Short anagen syndrome
• Short bowel syndrome
• Short man syndrome
• Short rib–polydactyly syndrome
• Short stature
• Short-limb skeletal dysplasia with severe combined immunodeficiency
• Shwachman–Diamond syndrome
• Sialadenitis
• Sialocele
• Sialuria
• Sick building syndrome
• Sick cell syndrome
• Side strain
• Silver–Russell syndrome
• Simple clinical colitis activity index
• Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome
• Simulated presence therapy
• Sinusitis
• Situs ambiguus
• Sjögren syndrome
• Skeeter syndrome
• Ski sickness
• Skin fragility syndrome
• Skip lesion
• Sly syndrome
• Small Penis Syndrome
• Small supernumerary marker chromosome
• Smell as evidence of disease
• Smith Martin Dodd syndrome
• Smith–Magenis syndrome
• Smoke inhalation
• Snapping hip syndrome
• Snapping scapula syndrome
• Sneddon's syndrome
• Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome
• Social disorder
• Social distancing
• Sociality and disease transmission
• Soemmering ring
• Soft tissue injury
• Soil borne pathogen
• Sopite syndrome
• Sorsby's fundus dystrophy
• Sotos syndrome
• Space adaptation syndrome
• Spastic ataxia-corneal dystrophy syndrome
• Spastic intestinal obstruction
• Specific replant disease
• Spectrophobia
• Spermaturia
• Sphincter paralysis
• Spinal cord injury
• Spinal muscular atrophies
• Spinal precautions
• Splenic sequestration crisis
• Splinter
• Split hand syndrome
• Sponastrime dysplasia
• Spondylo-ocular syndrome
• Spondylocamptodactyly
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia-short limb-abnormal calcification syndrome
• Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, East-African type
• Sporadic disease
• Squamous-cell carcinoma
• Srb's anomaly
• St. Helena familial genu valgum
• Stab wound
• Stabbing
• Staphylococcal enteritis
• Stauffer syndrome
• Steroid dementia syndrome
• Stickler syndrome
• Stimmler syndrome
• Stomatitis
• Stratton Parker syndrome
• Streff syndrome
• Streptomyces isolates
• Stunt (botany)
• Stunted growth
• Subacromial bursitis
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
• Subclinical infection
• Subcortical dementia
• Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy
• Sulfonamide hypersensitivity syndrome
• Summer penile syndrome
• Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
• Superior orbital fissure syndrome
• Supernumerary nipples–uropathies–Becker's nevus syndrome
• Supernumerary phantom limb
• Superspreading event
• Supervised injection site
• Surfer's ear
• Surgical Infections
• Surra
• Survivor syndrome
• Susac's syndrome
• Swedish mutation
• Swimmer's itch
• Symmastia
• Syndrome
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
• Syngnathia
• Synovitis
• Syphilis
• Systemic disease
• Systemic inflammation
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
• Systemic vasculitides
• Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Sézary disease
• T helper cell
• T-cell lymphoma
• T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
• TAN syndrome
• TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder
• Taenia crassiceps
• Talk and die syndrome
• Taravana
• Tardive dyskinesia
• Tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Tay–Sachs disease
• Tea and toast syndrome
• Tendinopathy
• Tendon rupture
• Tennis elbow
• Tenonitis
• Tenosynovitis
• Tension myositis syndrome
• Terrien's marginal degeneration
• Terson syndrome
• Tertiary peritonitis
• Testicular dysgenesis syndrome
• Tetra-amelia syndrome
• Tetrasomy X
• Tetter
• Teunissen–Cremers syndrome
• The Little Princess Trust
• Theiler's disease
• Thevenard syndrome
• Thoracic aorta injury
• Thoracic dysplasia-hydrocephalus syndrome
• Thoracic insufficiency syndrome
• Thoracic outlet syndrome
• Thrombocytopenic purpura
• Thrombophlebitis
• Thyroiditis
• Tight hymenal ring
• Timeline of cancer treatment development
• Tonic tensor tympani syndrome
• Tonsillitis
• Tooth and nail syndrome
• Top dying disease
• Tornwaldt cyst
• Tornwaldt's disease
• Torsion dystonia
• Toxic Shock: A Social History
• Toxic anterior segment syndrome
• Toxic oil syndrome
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Tracheobronchomegaly
• Transcriptome instability
• Transient synovitis
• Transmission-based precautions
• Transplant benefit
• Transplant glomerulopathy
• Transverse myelitis
• Travelers' diarrhea
• Trichilemmal cyst
• Trichinella spiralis
• Trichinosis
• Trichothiodystrophy
• Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome type 2
• Trigeminal trophic syndrome
• Trigger finger
• Trigonitis
• Trisomy 18
• Trisomy 8
• Trisomy X
• Trochleitis
• Tropical disease
• Tropical splenomegaly syndrome
• Tropical ulcer
• Truman Syndrome
• Tsukuhara syndrome
• Tuberculous dactylitis
• Tumor lysis syndrome
• Tumor microenvironment
• Tumor mutational burden
• Tumor-associated endothelial cell
• Tumor-associated macrophage
• Tumour heterogeneity
• Turner syndrome
• Twiddler's syndrome
• Twin anemia-polycythemia sequence
• Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
• Type 2 diabetes
• Type 3c diabetes
• UK statutory notification system
• UV-sensitive syndrome
• Ulcerative colitis
• Ulcerative dermatitis
• Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy
• Ulnar collateral ligament injury of the elbow
• Ulnar dysplasia
• Ulnar nerve entrapment
• Ulnar–mammary syndrome
• Umbilical cord ulceration and intestinal atresia
• Umbilical-urachal sinus
• Uncombable hair syndrome
• Uner Tan syndrome
• United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
• Upper airway resistance syndrome
• Upper motor neuron syndrome
• Upper respiratory tract infection
• Urachal diverticulum
• Urachal fistula
• Urbach–Wiethe disease
• Urban survival syndrome
• Urban–Rogers–Meyer syndrome
• Ureteral neoplasm
• Ureteritis
• Ureterovaginal fistula
• Urethral foreign body
• Urethral hypermobility
• Urethral syndrome
• Urethritis
• Urethrovaginal fistula
• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary tract infection
• Urofacial syndrome
• Urogenital neoplasm
• Urostealith
• Urothelial papilloma
• Urticarial vasculitis
• Usher syndrome
• Uterine hyperplasia
• Uterine hypoplasia
• Uveitis
• VIP syndrome
• VIPoma
• Vaccine-preventable disease
• Vaginal cysts
• Vaginal disease
• Vaginal melanoma
• Vaginitis
• Vaginitis emphysematosa
• Valentino's syndrome
• Validation therapy
• Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome
• Vanishing bile duct syndrome
• Variant of uncertain significance
• Vascular access steal syndrome
• Vascular headache
• Vascular tumor
• Vasculitis
• Vasculogenic mimicry
• Vasitis nodosa
• Vasoplegic syndrome
• Ventriculitis
• Vestibular adenitis
• Vestibulocerebellar syndrome
• Vestibulopathy
• Vestigial twin
• Veterinary medicine
• Vici syndrome
• Villaret's syndrome
• Viral cardiomyopathy
• Viral load
• Virescence
• Virus
• Vitreous touch syndrome
• Vocal cord hemorrhage
• Von Hippel–Lindau disease
• Vossius ring
• Vulvar myiasis
• Vulvar tumors
• WAGR syndrome
• WNT4 deficiency
• Waardenburg Syndrome Type 1
• Waddell's triad
• Walker–Warburg syndrome
• Wallace rule of nines
• Waltman Walter syndrome
• War metaphors in cancer
• Warburg hypothesis
• Warfarin resistance
• Warkany syndrome 1
• Wartenberg's syndrome
• Wasting
• Weight gain
• Weight loss
• Weill–Marchesani syndrome
• Weissenbacher–Zweymüller syndrome
• Wells-Jankovic syndrome
• Welt (bruise)
• Wende–Bauckus syndrome
• Werner syndrome
• Wet lung syndrome in newborn
• Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome
• Wildlife disease
• Wilkinson's syndrome
• Williams–Campbell syndrome
• Wilms' tumor
• Wilson's temperature syndrome
• Wilson–Turner syndrome
• Wilt disease
• Wilting
• Winter-over syndrome
• Winterbottom's sign
• Wissler's syndrome
• Witch's broom
• Wobbly hedgehog syndrome
• Wolcott–Rallison syndrome
• Wolfram syndrome
• Wooden chest syndrome
• Woodhouse–Sakati syndrome
• Work-related musculoskeletal disorders
• World Cancer Day
• World Chagas Disease Day
• Worster-Drought syndrome
• Worth syndrome
• Wound
• Wound contracture
• Wound licking
• Wrinkly skin syndrome
• X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy
• X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
• X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism
• X-linked sideroblastic anemia and spinocerebellar ataxia
• XK aprosencephaly
• XMEN disease
• XX male syndrome
• XXXY syndrome
• XXYY syndrome
• XY gonadal dysgenesis
• Xanthogranulomatous inflammation
• Xanthopsia
• Xenoma
• Xerostomia
• Xia–Gibbs syndrome
• Xp11.2 duplication
• Yellow nail syndrome
• Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome
• Yentl Syndrome
• Young–Madders syndrome
• Young–Simpson syndrome
• Yunis–Varon syndrome
• Yunnan sudden death syndrome
• ZC4H2-Associated Rare Disorders
• Zadik–Barak–Levin syndrome
• Zahn infarct
• Zaki syndrome
• Zamzam–Sheriff–Phillips syndrome
• Zechi-Ceide syndrome
• Zieve's syndrome
• Zimmermann–Laband syndrome
• Zoonosis
• Zoophobia
• Zori–Stalker–Williams syndrome
• Zygoma fracture

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